Hypophosphataemia in the metabolic syndrome. Gender differences in body weight and blood glucose

Abstract

Objective: We examined gender differences in the clustering of risk factors, especially regarding the possible role of serum phosphate (S-P) in obese patients who participated in a 4 week education programme to reduce their excess risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Results: Signi®cantly higher body mass index (BMI) and concentrations of S-P and high density lipids (S-HDL) in serum were found in women (n 1272) than in men (n 993). In women, BMI was inversely correlated with S-P at the time of admission. Also in women (but not in men), changes in BMI and S-P over 1 or 1 1 2 y were inversely correlated. In men (but not in women), S-P level was inversely correlated with age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and blood glucose at the time of admission. In women, S-P increased and DBP decreased, in addition to weight decrease over both 6 months and 1 1 2 y or 1 y. In women (but not in men), signi®cantly higher age, S-P, S-chol, S-TG, S-urate, SBP and DBP values were found with the highest vs the lowest decile of S-Ca. Conclusion: We conclude that higher S-P and S-Ca levels may contribute to the difference in metabolic disturbances occurring in obesity, seen in women vs men.

Association of serum phosphate levels with glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in non-diabetic subjects

“…There was a significant association of low serum phosphate concentrations with high 2-h blood glucose levels independent of anthropometric parameters like percent body fat, age and gender. These findings are in line with several other studies which demonstrated a significant correlation between serum phosphate, glucose tolerance (DeFronzo and Lang, 1980;Campillo et al, 1982) and adiposity (Lindgarde and Trell, 1977;Haglin et al, 2001). Especially the inverse correlation between BMI and low serum phosphate concentrations has been described earlier (Lind et al, 1993).…”

Increased inflammation and decreased insulin sensitivity indicate metabolic disturbances in zoo-managed compared to free-ranging black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)

“…Exogenous administration of cytokines causes marked decreases in serum phosphate levels (Barak et al, 1998), and insulin also stimulates cellular phosphate absorption, thereby decreasing serum phosphate availability. Like iron, hypophosphatemia can inhibit glucose uptake, exacerbating hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia (Haglin et al, 2001). Symptoms resulting from hypophosphatemia include hemolytic anemia, rhabdomyolysis, liver failure and neurological manifestations, including encephalopathy (Gaasbeek and Meinders, 2005;Nanji and Anderson, 1985).…”

High serum phosphate concentration as the result of smoking might underlie the lower risk of Parkinson’s disease

“…Weiduschat et al (2013) report that men with PD have 15% lower level of ATP nigrostriatum than women, a difference that might be explained by men's lower S-P levels [21]. Serum phosphate levels decrease with increasing age in men [24]. The difference in serum phosphate between men and women corresponds to about 15%.…”

“…Understanding metabolic disturbances related to serum phosphate levels in metabolic syndrome might also reveal why the risk factor pattern differs between women and men [24].…”