Hypothalamic neurohormones and immune responses

Quintanar, J. Luis; Guzmán-Soto, Irene

doi:10.3389/fnint.2013.00056

Cited by 46 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 187 publications

(215 reference statements)

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“…Recently, many reports have highlighted its function as a modulator in the immune system [26]. Besides the recovery in locomotor activity, we reported a delay of 2 days in disease onset as a result of GnRH agonist treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Leuprolide Acetate Inhibits Spinal Cord Inflammatory Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing NF-κB Activation

Guzmán-Soto

Salinas

2015

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Objective: Recent findings have shown that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration in an animal model of multiple sclerosis (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, EAE) improves clinical signs of locomotion. The present study was designed to determine whether the administration of the synthetic analog of GnRH, leuprolide acetate (LA) - besides its effects on clinical signs of locomotion - also has an effect on the activation/expression levels of molecular markers of EAE, namely transcription nuclear factor (NF)-κB and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-17A, IL-23 and TNF-a. Methods: EAE spinal cords were collected from control and LA-administered rats. Lumbar sections were processed at four different time points during the course of the disease to analyze NF-κB activation by chemiluminescent Western blot, and during the EAE recovery phase to evaluate proinflammatory cytokine levels by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: It was found that LA administration to EAE rats promoted a significant reduction of NF-κB activation during the course of the disease and also decreased the mRNA expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-17A and TNF-a in the EAE recovery phase; both effects are consistent with the decrease in the severity of clinical signs of locomotion induced by the treatment. Conclusion: LA causes a reduction in the severity of locomotor activity, as well as in the activation of NF-κB and the number of proinflammatory markers in rats with EAE. These results suggest the use of this agonist as a potential therapeutic approach for multiple sclerosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Leuprolide Acetate Inhibits Spinal Cord Inflammatory Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing NF-κB Activation

Guzmán-Soto

Salinas

2015

Neuroimmunomodulation

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“…The research provides an example of institutional racism, and how institutional racism plays a role in reinforcing the disparities that exist between Black and White women. Furthermore, many authors have assessed the correlation of age and disparities between Black and White women (Collins & David, ; Love, David, Rankin, & Collins, ; Quintanar & Guzman‐Soto, ). Weathering (worsening birth outcomes that occur as maternal age is increased), for example, has been exhibited in African American women and theorised to be the result of the cumulative impact of health disadvantages throughout their life course (Love et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black/White disparities in pregnant women in the United States: An examination of risk factors associated with Black/White racial identity

Clay

Griffin

Averhart

2018

Health Soc Care Community

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This paper explores racial disparities and risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Black and White pregnant women in the US. The study uses a cross-sectional approach to explore Black and White disparities using data from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), which collects interview data from approximately 70,000 randomly selected participants. We included several self-reported conditions that we categorised as individual and social stressors (e.g. measures of institutionalised racism, individual health behaviours, access to quality care and social context factors). We used descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate analyses in risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes between Black and White women. Black women who were pregnant had a lower socioeconomic status and experienced more measures of institutionalised racism compared to White women who were pregnant. More white women who were pregnant were married, had higher levels of educational attainment, higher income levels, and greater employment opportunities. White pregnant women also had higher levels of private health insurance and less dependency on government programmes for access to healthcare. Results from the regressions indicated that Black pregnant women were less likely to be married (OR = 0.01), less likely to have higher income levels (OR = 0.31) and less likely to be employed (OR = 0.52). However, Black pregnant women were more likely to be younger (OR = 1.82). For the health-eroding behaviours, Black pregnant women were less likely to smoke (OR = 0.53) and use alcohol (0.52). After assessing the SES Household-level stressors (access to healthcare), Black pregnant women were more likely to have Medicaid/CHIP (OR = 3.21) and health coverage through government assistant programmes (OR = 3.80); however, less likely to have private health insurance (OR = 0.38). There are differences in risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes between White and Black pregnant women based on measures of individual level/social stressors, institutionalised racism, health behaviours and access to care.

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“…Changes in their activity can change the secretion of glucocorticoids (GC), thyroid hormone, sex steroid hormone, growth hormone (GH) prolactin (PRL), and vasopressin (VP) and thus profoundly affect lymphocyte homeostasis, self-tolerance, and immune pathological processes (76, 77). Importantly, there are close associations between activities of the OSS and these axes in the neuroendocrine regulation of the immune system.…”

Section: Relationship Between the Oss And Other Neuroendocrine Regulamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This function, as well as OT effects on rat bone marrow development (19), indicates that locally produced OT has important role in the maturation of immune system. However, as the thymus involutes over time, the immune functions of local OT mainly serve as a supplemental factor to OSS regulation of the immune system at local levels (77) through hidden secretion (108) or autocrine/paracrine effects (17). …”

Section: Relationship Between the Oss And Other Neuroendocrine Regulamentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches Mediating Oxytocin Regulation of the Immune System

Wang

et al. 2017

Front. Immunol.

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The hypothalamic neuroendocrine system is mainly composed of the neural structures regulating hormone secretion from the pituitary gland and has been considered as the higher regulatory center of the immune system. Recently, the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (HNS) emerged as an important component of neuroendocrine–immune network, wherein the oxytocin (OT)-secreting system (OSS) plays an essential role. The OSS, consisting of OT neurons in the supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, their several accessory nuclei and associated structures, can integrate neural, endocrine, metabolic, and immune information and plays a pivotal role in the development and functions of the immune system. The OSS can promote the development of thymus and bone marrow, perform immune surveillance, strengthen immune defense, and maintain immune homeostasis. Correspondingly, OT can inhibit inflammation, exert antibiotic-like effect, promote wound healing and regeneration, and suppress stress-associated immune disorders. In this process, the OSS can release OT to act on immune system directly by activating OT receptors or through modulating activities of other hypothalamic–pituitary–immune axes and autonomic nervous system indirectly. However, our understandings of the role of the OSS in neuroendocrine regulation of immune system are largely incomplete, particularly its relationship with other hypothalamic–pituitary–immune axes and the vasopressin-secreting system that coexists with the OSS in the HNS. In addition, it remains unclear about the relationship between the OSS and peripherally produced OT in immune regulation, particularly intrathymic OT that is known to elicit central immunological self-tolerance of T-cells to hypophysial hormones. In this work, we provide a brief review of current knowledge of the features of OSS regulation of the immune system and of potential approaches that mediate OSS coordination of the activities of entire neuroendocrine–immune network.

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Hypothalamic neurohormones and immune responses

Cited by 46 publications

References 187 publications

Leuprolide Acetate Inhibits Spinal Cord Inflammatory Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing NF-κB Activation

Leuprolide Acetate Inhibits Spinal Cord Inflammatory Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing NF-κB Activation

Black/White disparities in pregnant women in the United States: An examination of risk factors associated with Black/White racial identity

Approaches Mediating Oxytocin Regulation of the Immune System

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Hypothalamic neurohormones and immune responses

Cited by 46 publications

References 187 publications

Leuprolide Acetate Inhibits Spinal Cord Inflammatory Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing NF-&#954;B Activation

Leuprolide Acetate Inhibits Spinal Cord Inflammatory Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing NF-&#954;B Activation

Black/White disparities in pregnant women in the United States: An examination of risk factors associated with Black/White racial identity

Approaches Mediating Oxytocin Regulation of the Immune System

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Leuprolide Acetate Inhibits Spinal Cord Inflammatory Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing NF-κB Activation

Leuprolide Acetate Inhibits Spinal Cord Inflammatory Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing NF-κB Activation