Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity in adults who were prenatally exposed to the Dutch famine

Rooij, Susanne R. de; Painter, Rebecca C.; Phillips, David I. W.; Osmond, Clive; Michels, R. P. J.; Bossuyt, Patrick M.; Bleker, O. P.; Roseboom, Tessa J.

doi:10.1530/eje.1.02193

Cited by 56 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For example, it has been proposed that glucocorticoids and insulin stimulate the consumption of highly calorie-dense foods ("comfort foods"), which, in turn, would protect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis from potential dysfunction (32). Individuals with a history of IUGR show an increased adrenal response to acute stress (33,34). These features, combined with the known factor of insulin resistance, would exaggerate earlier tendencies to consume palatable, "comfort" foods over time.…”

Section: Iugr and Feeding Impulsivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary evidence for an impulsivity-based thrifty eating phenotype

et al. 2012

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IntroductIon: Low birth weight is associated with obesity and an increased risk for metabolic/cardiovascular diseases in later life. results: The results of the snack delay test, which encompassed four distinct trials, indicated that the gender × intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) × trial interaction was a predictor of the ability to delay the food reward (P = 0.002). among children with normal birth weights, girls showed a greater ability to delay food rewards than did boys (P = 0.014).In contrast, among children with IUGR, there was no such differential ability between girls and boys. Furthermore, in girls, impulsive responding predicted both increased consumption of palatable fat (P = 0.007) and higher BMIs (P = 0.020) at 48 mo of age, although there was no such association with BMI at 36 mo. dIscussIon: In girls, the quality of fetal growth may contribute to impulsive eating, which may promote an increased intake of fats and consequently higher BMIs. as with the original thrifty phenotype, such a mechanism would be adaptive when food supplies are sparse, but would be problematic in societies with ample access to calorically rich foods. Methods: We examined whether the quality of intrauterine growth programs obesogenic eating behaviors, by investigating (i) the relationship between birth weight and impulsive eating in 3-year-old children (using the snack delay test), and (ii) whether impulsive eating predicts fat intake and/or BMI at 4 years of age (using a laboratory-based test meal).

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Section: Iugr and Feeding Impulsivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary evidence for an impulsivity-based thrifty eating phenotype

et al. 2012

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“…Furthermore, associations between birth weight and elevated cortisol response to stimulation or suppression tests have been found [4,5]. However, these findings have not been uniform and controversy exists [3,6,7,8,9,10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Fetal Growth Velocity and Smallness at Birth on Adrenal Function in Adolescence

Jensen¹,

Vielwerth²,

Larsen

et al. 2010

Horm Res Paediatr

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The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is susceptible to programming during fetal development and may be linked to risk of disease later in life. In a former prospective study the cohort was divided into those born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) or small for gestational age (SGA; birth weight <10 percentile). In 52 adolescent boys (17.5 years) we assessed circulating androgen levels (T, Δ⁴-adione, DHEAS), overnight serum cortisol profiles (every 20 min), ACTH stimulation test (250 µg i.v.) and analysis of 24-hour urinary adrenal steroid excretion. Urinary excretion of adrenal androgen and cortisol metabolites were significantly lower in the SGA compared to the AGA group. Basal morning cortisol levels were lower in adolescents born SGA compared to those born AGA (365 mmol/l, interquartile range (IQR) 284–413 vs. 445 mmol/l, IQR 377–495, p = 0.04), but overnight cortisol profiles (AUC) did not differ. The ACTH test showed equally stimulated levels of cortisol for those born SGA and AGA. There was no difference in serum testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and Δ⁴-adione levels between the SGA and AGA subjects. This suggests impaired excretion of adrenal androgen and cortisol metabolites in young men born SGA compared to AGA. In conclusion, this study demonstrated subtle changes in adolescent adrenal function associated with birth weight.

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“…Developmental maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis has been shown to be susceptible to fetal programming. Thus, it is hypothesized that an adverse fetal environment alters the ''set-point'' of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis, leading to increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and subsequent increased cortisol concentrations (15). Related recent work has also demonstrated similar ''developmental programming of hypothalamic feeding circuits'' (16) and of maternal care-giving behavior on the hypothalamic glucocorticoid receptor (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%