Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation in sexually abused girls.

Bellis, Michael D. De; Chrousos, George P.; Dorn, Lorah D.; Burke, Lillian; Helmers, Karin F.; Kling, Mitchel A.; Trickett, Penelope K.; Putnam, Frank W.

doi:10.1210/jcem.78.2.8106608

Cited by 213 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This is in accordance with findings of childhood trauma research: one of the first neuroendocrine studies in maltreated children showed that sexually abused girls with a history of depression and suicidal behavior exhibited significantly higher 24-h urinary concentrations of catecholamines and their metabolites, whereas they had similar cortisol responses to CRH injection relative to matched controls [53, 54]. A more recent study [55] revealed an asymmetry between concentrations of salivary alpha-amylase, an indicator of SNS functioning, and cortisol reactivity to a social stressor: in contrast to healthy controls, maltreated youth showed no associations between the peripheral biomarkers of the HPA axis and SNS activities.…”

Section: Neuroendocrine Responses To Early-life Stress and Adult Diseasesupporting

confidence: 90%

Early-Life Stress: From Neuroendocrine Mechanisms to Stress-Related Disorders

Pervanidou

Chrousos²

2018

Horm Res Paediatr

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Stress exposure is highly prevalent in the general population; however, the experience of stress during vulnerable periods of development has substantial and permanent effects on brain structure and function and physical health in adulthood. Stress, the state of threatened homeostasis, is generally associated with a time-limited activation of the stress system, i.e., the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the arousal/sympathetic nervous system, tailored to the stressful stimulus also known as the stressor. On the other hand, chronic stress may be associated with lingering hyper- or hyposecretion of mediators of the stress system. This chronic condition is called dyshomeostasis, allostasis, or cacostasis and is associated with increased mental and physical morbidity in the long term. Stressful or traumatic experiences during fetal life, early childhood, and adolescence have been related to persistent neuroendocrine and epigenetic changes. Further, brain structures involved in the stress response, such as those of the stress system, the hippocampus, and the amygdala, may be programmed early on for a life of adversity.

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Section: Neuroendocrine Responses To Early-life Stress and Adult Diseasesupporting

confidence: 90%

Early-Life Stress: From Neuroendocrine Mechanisms to Stress-Related Disorders

Pervanidou

Chrousos²

2018

Horm Res Paediatr

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“…Exposure to trauma is particularly detrimental when it occurs in childhood or adolescence, disrupting numerous aspects of development in cognitive, emotional, and social domains, leading to adverse mental health and educational outcomes (Cicchetti & Toth, 1995; Koenen, Moffit, Caspi, Taylor, & Purcell, 2003) with long-term consequences for learning and memory (Teicher, Anderson, & Polcari, 2012), emotional functioning (De Bellis et al, 1994; McCrory et al, 2011; McLaughlin & Hatzenbuehler, 2009; Pollak & Sinha, 2002; Pollak, Vardi, Putzer Bechner, & Curtin, 2005), social relationships, elevated risk of re-victimization (Cole & Putnam, 1992; DiLillo, 2001; Follette, Polusney, Bechtle, & Naugle, 1996), and mental disorders (Kilpatrick et al, 2003; McLaughlin et al, 2012, 2013). …”

Section: Public Health Impact Of Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma is a public health issue

Magruder

McLaughlin

Borbon

2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

194

134

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Exposure to trauma is pervasive in societies worldwide and is associated with substantial costs to the individual and society, making it a significant global public health concern. We present evidence for trauma as a public health issue by highlighting the role of characteristics operating at multiple levels of influence – individual, relationship, community, and society – as explanatory factors in both the occurrence of trauma and its sequelae. Within the context of this multi-level framework, we highlight targets for prevention of trauma and its downstream consequences and provide examples of where public health approaches to prevention have met with success. Finally, we describe the essential role of public health policies in addressing trauma as a global public health issue, including key challenges for global mental health and next steps for developing and implementing a trauma-informed public health policy agenda. A public health framework is critical for understanding risk and protective factors for trauma and its aftermath operating at multiple levels of influence and generating opportunities for prevention.

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“…Only a limited number of studies investigated abnormalities of HPA axis regulation in subjects with an objective report of childhood trauma showing elevated salivary cortisol levels in children adopted from Romanian orphanages [9], as well as reduced basal and CRH-stimulated HPA axis activity in girls with previously reported sexual abuse [10]. Studies investigating the association between retrospective reports of childhood trauma and HPA axis activity reported increased HPA axis activation during psychosocial stress but lower basal activity in depressed women [11], while others did not detect any difference in basal cortisol secretion in nonclinical groups with versus without a history of childhood trauma [12, 13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrence of Depression in Relation to History of Childhood Trauma and Hair Cortisol Concentration in a Community-Based Sample

et al. 2019

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Background: Childhood trauma represents a risk factor for developing depression with increased rates of recurrence. Mechanisms involved include a disturbed regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a measure of long-term HPA axis activity with less interference from circadian and confounding factors. However, no study has so far used HCC to investigate the role of childhood trauma in recurrent pattern of depressive symptoms. Methods: A community-based sample of 500 participants was recruited, and depression was assessed at 3 time points using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was administered to identify a history of childhood trauma. Hair samples were obtained from 144 participants for analysis of cortisol. Results: Patients with recurrent depression had higher rates of childhood trauma compared to participants with no depression. Participants with current-only depression had increased HCC compared to the no depression group, while this was absent in participants with recurrent depression. Within the depressed group (both current-only and recurrent depression), those with a history of childhood physical abuse had lower HCC when compared to those with no such history. Conclusions: Our findings show that retrospectively reported childhood trauma is associated with protracted trajectories of depression and a distinct pattern of long-term HPA axis activity.

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Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation in sexually abused girls.

Cited by 213 publications

References 36 publications

Early-Life Stress: From Neuroendocrine Mechanisms to Stress-Related Disorders

Early-Life Stress: From Neuroendocrine Mechanisms to Stress-Related Disorders

Trauma is a public health issue

Recurrence of Depression in Relation to History of Childhood Trauma and Hair Cortisol Concentration in a Community-Based Sample

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