Hypothalamic Regulation of Anterior Pituitary Function

Ben-Shlomo, Anat; Melmed, Shlomo

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-380926-1.10002-1

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 164 publications

(212 reference statements)

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“…Gonadotrophs constitute only 10 to 15% of all AP cells [2]; thus, our yield was consistent with estimated values.…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

“…Gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary (AP) are important cells; however, the AP has a heterogeneous cell population, and gonadotrophs constitute only 10 to 15% of all cells in the AP and are scattered among other cell types in rats and humans [2]. To clarify the mechanisms of action of hormone-secreting AP cells, previous studies have tried to purify specific cell types from heterogeneous AP cell mixtures; however, these attempts have resulted in failure to obtain gonadotrophs in rats [12] or in a low purity of gonadotrophs in sheep [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Method for isolating pure bovine gonadotrophs from anterior pituitary using magnetic nanoparticles and anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antibody

Pandey

Kadokawa

2016

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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No methods are currently available for rapidly isolating gonadotrophs from the anterior pituitary (AP) in any species. We developed a method for preparing pure bovine gonadotrophs from a heterogeneous AP cell mixture by magnetic separation and our original antibody against the N terminus of bovine gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR). A bovine AP cell mixture was incubated with the anti-GnRHR antibody, anti-dextran antibody-conjugated secondary antibody and dextran-coated magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic isolation. Approximately 5.2 × 106 cells were isolated per AP of Japanese Black heifers (26 months of age) and cultured, and confocal microscopy confirmed to be GnRHR- and luteinizing hormone-positive, corresponding to a purity of 100%. Approximately 44.5 µg of total protein was extracted from the pure gonadotrophs per AP.

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“…Gonadotrophs constitute only 10 to 15% of all AP cells [2]; thus, our yield was consistent with estimated values.…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for isolating pure bovine gonadotrophs from anterior pituitary using magnetic nanoparticles and anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antibody

Pandey

Kadokawa

2016

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…In contrast, GH-secreting somatotrophs are more susceptible to damage because they are situated in the gland’s exposed lateral wings and are almost exclusively dependent on the long hypophyseal portal vessels for their blood supply. Gonadotrophs are distributed throughout the anterior pituitary ( 78 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Hypopituitarism Associated with Increased Postconcussive Symptoms Is Prevalent after Blast-Induced Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

et al. 2018

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The most frequent injury sustained by US service members deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan is mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI), or concussion, by far most often caused by blast waves from improvised explosive devices or other explosive ordnance. TBI from all causes gives rise to chronic neuroendocrine disorders with an estimated prevalence of 25–50%. The current study expands upon our earlier finding that chronic pituitary gland dysfunction occurs with a similarly high frequency after blast-related concussions. We measured circulating hormone levels and accessed demographic and testing data from two groups of male veterans with hazardous duty experience in Iraq or Afghanistan. Veterans in the mTBI group had experienced one or more blast-related concussion. Members of the deployment control (DC) group encountered similar deployment conditions but had no history of blast-related mTBI. 12 of 39 (31%) of the mTBI participants and 3 of 20 (15%) veterans in the DC group screened positive for one or more neuroendocrine disorders. Positive screens for growth hormone deficiency occurred most often. Analysis of responses on self-report questionnaires revealed main effects of both mTBI and hypopituitarism on postconcussive and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Symptoms associated with pituitary dysfunction overlap considerably with those of PTSD. They include cognitive deficiencies, mood and anxiety disorders, sleep problems, diminished quality of life, deleterious changes in metabolism and body composition, and increased cardiovascular mortality. When such symptoms are due to hypopituitarism, they may be alleviated by hormone replacement. These findings suggest consideration of routine post-deployment neuroendocrine screening of service members and veterans who have experienced blast-related mTBI and are reporting postconcussive symptoms.

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“…Various neuroendocrine cells in the anterior pituitary gland are distributed differently. 21,22 For instance, ACTH-secreting cells are located in the middle region, GH-secreting cells are located in the lateral region, PRL-secreting cells are in the posterior-lateral region, and TSH-secreting cells are in the anterior region 23 (Figure 7). As illustrated in Figure 7, in our patients, two tumours were located in the PRL-secreting cell region, correlating with PRL secretion changes; one was located in the GH-secreting cell region, correlating with acromegaly; and two were located in the ACTH-secreting cell region, correlating with Cushing disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations between clinical hormone change and pathological features of pituicytoma

Chang

Lee

Jung

et al. 2018

British Journal of Neurosurgery

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Pituicytoma revealed a negative endocrine secretory function through IHC staining. Additionally, pituicytoma is associated with hypersecretion of the pituitary gland both clinically and pathologically. Diagnosing pituicytoma before pathological confirmation is difficult because the tumour may present with hormone dysfunction. Therefore, IHC staining of specimens is useful to exclude the possibility of coexisting pituicytoma and pituitary adenoma.

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Hypothalamic Regulation of Anterior Pituitary Function

Cited by 14 publications

References 164 publications

Method for isolating pure bovine gonadotrophs from anterior pituitary using magnetic nanoparticles and anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antibody

Method for isolating pure bovine gonadotrophs from anterior pituitary using magnetic nanoparticles and anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antibody

Chronic Hypopituitarism Associated with Increased Postconcussive Symptoms Is Prevalent after Blast-Induced Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Correlations between clinical hormone change and pathological features of pituicytoma

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