Hypothermia in shaken infant syndrome

Wahl, Nancy G.; Woodall, Bonnie N.

doi:10.1097/00006565-199508000-00011

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Coexistent extradural haemorrhages (EDH) and RH were noted in five cases of nAHT, although the RH was only noted following drainage of the EDH. 48 Of note, among the non-comparative studies (data set 2) there are nine cases (aged 2-24 months) of AHT with RH, presenting with neurological symptoms, but no neuroradiological abnormalities on presentation 25,35,50,69 (six from a single study 69 are same cases as Morad et al, 61 confirmed by authors). While 6/9 had computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), three had CT only.…”

Section: Coexistent Intracranial Features In Children With Rhmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…8 studies were comparative, including three crosssectional, [11][12][13] two comparative case series, 14,15 one prospective cohort study, 16 one case-control 17 and one retrospective cohort study. 18 The remainder were case reports 5,6,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] or case series, 3,7, concerning AHT alone, 3,[19][20][21][22][23][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][33][34][35][36][37][3...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While 6/9 had computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), three had CT only. 35,50,69(Case 4) However, repeated CT showed a focal area of encephalomalacia 1 month later in one case 35 and bilateral subdural haemorrhages (SDH) 2 weeks later in a second. 50 In a third case, 7 days after an initial negative CT and MRI, repeated MRI showed SDH.…”

Section: Coexistent Intracranial Features In Children With Rhmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retinal haemorrhages and related findings in abusive and non-abusive head trauma: a systematic review

Maguire

Watts

Shaw

et al. 2012

Eye

162

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Aim To report the retinal signs that distinguish abusive head trauma (AHT) from non-abusive head trauma (nAHT). Methods A systematic review of literature, 1950-2009, was conducted with standardised critical appraisal. Inclusion criteria were a strict confirmation of the aetiology, children aged o11 years and details of an examination conducted by an ophthalmologist. Post mortem data, organic disease of eye, and inadequate examinations were excluded. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine odds ratios (OR) and probabilities for AHT. Results Of the 62 included studies, 13 provided prevalence data (998 children, 504 AHT). Overall, retinal haemorrhages (RH) were found in 78% of AHT vs 5% of nAHT. In a child with head trauma and RH, the OR that this is AHT is 14.7 (95% confidence intervals 6.39, 33.62) and the probability of abuse is 91%. Where recorded, RH were bilateral in 83% of AHT compared with 8.3% in nAHT. RH were numerous in AHT, and few in nAHT located in the posterior pole, with only 10% extending to periphery. True prevalence of additional features, for example, retinal folds, could not be determined. Conclusions Our systematic review confirms that although certain patterns of RH were far commoner in AHT, namely large numbers of RH in both the eyes, present in all layers of the retina, and extension into the periphery, there was no retinal sign that was unique to abusive injury. RH are rare in accidental trauma and, when present, are predominantly unilateral, few in number and in the posterior pole.

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