Hypothesis: anencephaly and spina bifida are usually preventable by avoidance of a specific but unidentified substance present in certain potato tubers.

Renwick, J. H.

doi:10.1136/jech.26.2.67

Cited by 112 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Fever and hyperthermia in early pregnancy increased the risk of neural tube defects [11]. It was reported that the viruses interfere with production of neurons as well as their migration [12]. In the present study mothers of two babies gave history of febrile illness in the first trimester.…”

Section: Maternal Agementioning

confidence: 86%

A Study on Congenital Anomalies of Central Nervous System

Sailaja¹

2017

IJAR

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Background: CNS malformations are one of the most common among congenital malformations rating to 5-10% of total malformations. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the congenital anomalies in the central nervous system. Materials and Methods:Patients of paediatric age group (1-12) years suspect to have congenital anomalies of CNS were followed up. Data on imaging studies were collected and tabulated. Antenatally diagnosed cases of CNS anomalies were followed up. Examination for associated anomalies of head, eyes, ears, nose, face, palate, thorax, abdomen and genitalia, back, upper limb, lower limb and additional points if any was also recorded. The Ultrasound, CT scan, MRI scan and other relevant investigations if any was also performed.Results: In the present study 30 cases of congenital malformations were identified. Out of 30 cases 14 of them were neural tube defects, 13 microcephaly, 2 Dandy Walker alformations and one holoprosencephaly. Out of 14 neural tube defects 9 of them are lumbar myelomeningocoele, two encephalocoeles in the occipital area, one cephalocoele in the parietal area and one cephalocoele in the frontoethmoidal region and one anencephaly. Maximum number of cases of CNS anomaly were of neural tube defects 14/30 (47%). Microcephaly was found to be 13/30 (43.3%). Neural tube defects were found to be more in primigravida and microcephaly in multigravida.Conclusion: Recognition of aetiological factors permits implementation of preventive measures in the society to decrease the incidence of this dreadful condition. In all cases of microcephaly, associated anomalies of eyes or ears or facial dysmorphism were noticed.

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Section: Maternal Agementioning

confidence: 86%

A Study on Congenital Anomalies of Central Nervous System

Sailaja¹

2017

IJAR

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“…The alkaloids in potatoes have been associated epidemiologically with human spina bifida and anencephaly (Leek and Record, 1966;Renwick, 1972aRenwick, ,b, 1973, a supposition which was immediately challenged (Nevin and Merrett, 1975). Potatoes and individual alkaloids have been shown to be teratogenic, embryotoxic, and toxic to the mother, and to cause excess resorption in rats, mice, and hamsters (Baker et ai, 1987;Chaube and Swinyard, 1976;Keeler, 1973;Keeler et ai, 1978Keeler et ai, , 1990Pierre et ai, 1977;Poswillo et ai, 1972Poswillo et ai, , 1973Renwick et ai, 1984;Swinyard and Chaube, 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Human Plasma and Serum Butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) by α-Chaconine and α-Solanine

et al. 1996

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The purpose of these experiments was to determine the reversibility of a-chaconine and a-solanine inhibition of human plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). For the substrate a-naphthylacetate, optimal assay conditions were 0.50 M sodium phosphate buffer and a substrate concentration of 3-5 X 10~4 M. Dibucaine (1 X 10~5 M) indicated the usual phenotype for all subjects; achaconine and a-solanine at 2.88 X 10~6 M inhibited BuChE about 70 and 50%, respectively. One-and 24-hr incubations at 1 X 10~! M with a-chaconine, a-solanine, paraoxon, eserine, and ethanol yielded reversible inhibition with dilution except for paraoxon. Twenty-four-hour dialyses of incubations showed no inhibition except for paraoxon. PAGE enzyme activity gels of 1-and 24-hr incubations also showed no inhibition except for paraoxon. aChaconine and a-solanine are reversible inhibitors of human butyrylcholinesterase. At estimated tissue levels, a-chaconine, a-solanine, and solanidine inhibited BuChE 10-86%. In assays which combined a-chaconine, a-solanine, and solanidine, inhibition of BuChE was less than additive. No inhibition of albumin a-naphthylacetate esterase (an arylesterase) was noted with any inhibitor. The importance of these data to adverse toxicological effects of potato alkaloids is diSCUSSed. C 1996 SodMy of Toxicology.Potatoes, consumed by humans for at least 2000 years (Spoerke, 1994;Ugent, 1970), contain the steroidal alkaloids, a-chaconine, a-solanine, and solanidine. The toxicology of these known butyryl-and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (Harris and Whittaker, 1962;Orgell, 1963) has been reviewed

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“…Based on their own studies and data found in the literature, Carter and Evans (1973) suggest that both of these malformations of the central nervous system are influenced by a genetic predisposition depending on variation at several loci and additional environmental factors. Renwick (1972) presents the intriguing hypothesis that an unidentified substance in certain potato tubers is a major teratogenic agent. Carter and Evans (1973) obtained heritability estimates of 0.…”

Section: Congenital Hip In the Apache Indiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital malformations and other disorders: the influence of genetic and nongenetic factors. Final report, January 1, 1974--June 30, 1975. [US populations]

Woolf¹

1975

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Hypothesis: anencephaly and spina bifida are usually preventable by avoidance of a specific but unidentified substance present in certain potato tubers.

Cited by 112 publications

References 76 publications

A Study on Congenital Anomalies of Central Nervous System

A Study on Congenital Anomalies of Central Nervous System

Inhibition of Human Plasma and Serum Butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) by α-Chaconine and α-Solanine

Congenital malformations and other disorders: the influence of genetic and nongenetic factors. Final report, January 1, 1974--June 30, 1975. [US populations]

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