Hypothesis of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia

Mini‐Emotional State Examination for dementia patients

“…Finally, we note that even with a serious decline in memory, many features of BPSD are retained. This suggests that the limbic system function is relatively well‐retained . In these patients, the applications of pleasant sensory stimuli might help the person to avoid a BPSD outburst and other inappropriate behaviors.…”

Psychotropics for patients with dementia

“…Psychotropics, especially antipsychotics, have been reported to cause not only severe side‐effects, such as pneumonia, falls and high mortality, 9 but also reduce mental activities 10 . Suppressed emotional activities using psychotropics, especially antipsychotics, might be of benefit in the treatment of BPSD; but, in contrast, might reduce responses to favorite stimuli, and impair emotional and cognitive responses 11 . We have previously shown that favorite and emotional stimuli could treat BPSD without any side‐effects 12,13 .…”

“…BPSD might not be severe if caregivers properly treat the patients. BPSD might be caused by behavioral psychological symptoms of caregivers (BPSC) 11 . The lives of dementia patients are severely disrupted because of the loss of memories of people, places, time, and circumstances and how to handle them, and the patients themselves are often confused as to why they cannot live their lives as before.…”

Coffee therapy for patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia

“…Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) is one of the most difficult symptoms to care for in geriatric patients 1,2 . Antipsychotics have usually been prescribed to treat BPSD.…”