Hypothyroidism and Iodine Deficiency in Children on Chronic Parenteral Nutrition

Ikomi, Chijioke; Cole, Conrad R.; Vale, Emily; Golekoh, Marjorie C.; Jones, Nana‐Hawa Yayah

doi:10.1542/peds.2017-3046

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In North America, iodine is not routinely included in PN [ 1 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], whereas European [ 3 , 7 ] and Australian [ 2 ] trace elements commercial solutions usually contain iodine.…”

Section: Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some studies have revealed adequate iodine status under this dose [ 42 ], other authors claim it is not sufficient to meet the needs of children on PN [ 43 , 44 ]. There are pediatric reports of iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism described with iodine-free PN use [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 45 ], highlighting the importance of iodine substitution given its impact on neurodevelopment. Other authors have reported the absence of iodine deficiency despite absence of supplementation [ 42 ], likely secondary to adventitious iodine sources.…”

Section: Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trace Element Provision in Parenteral Nutrition in Children: One Size Does Not Fit All

2018

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Routine administration of trace elements is recognised as a standard of care in children requiring parenteral nutrition. However, there is a lack of global consensus regarding trace elements provision and dosing in pediatric parenteral nutrition. This review provides an overview of available evidence regarding trace elements supply and posology in parenteral nutrition in neonates and children. Trace elements provision in children should be tailored to the weight and clinical condition of the child with emphasis on those at risk of toxicity or deficiency. Based on current evidence, there is a need to review the formulation of commercial solutions that contain multiple-trace elements and to enable individual trace elements additives to be available for specific indications. Literature supports the removal of chromium provision whereas manganese and molybdenum supplementation are debated. Preterm neonates may have higher parenteral requirements in iodine, selenium and copper than previously recommended. There is growing support for the routine provision of iron in long-term parenteral nutrition. Further studies on trace elements contamination of parenteral nutrition solutions are needed for a range of trace elements.

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Section: Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Element Provision in Parenteral Nutrition in Children: One Size Does Not Fit All

2018

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“…Several reports [ 43 , 58 , 61 , 86 ] demonstrated significant selenium deficiency hypothyroidism, however, there are studies [ 42 , 60 ] in which hypothyroidism was associated with a significant increase in selenium serum levels. Furthermore, the larger set of studies [ 39 , 40 , 47 , 54 , 64 , 72 , 74 , 87 , 88 ] revealed no significant differences in the level of this element in patients with hypothyroidism compared to healthy controls. Although selenium and iodine are among the most intensively studied elements in the wide context of a number of thyroid diseases, some aspects of action of these elements in the thyroid gland still need to be elucidated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Selected Essential and Toxic Chemical Elements in Hypothyroidism—A Literature Review (2001–2021)

Błażewicz

Wiśniewska

Skórzyńska-Dziduszko

2021

IJMS

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Thyroid hormones are known for controlling metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and electrolytes and for regulating body temperature. Normal thyroid status depends on the chemical/elemental composition of body fluids and tissues, which changes depending on physiological state, lifestyle and environment. A deficiency or excess of certain essential chemical elements (selenium, zinc, copper, iron or fluorine) or exposure to toxic (cadmium or lead) or potentially toxic elements (manganese or chromium) interacts with thyroid hormone synthesis and may disturb thyroid homeostasis. In our review, accessible databases (Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science) were searched for articles from 2001–2021 on the influence of selected chemical elements on the development of hypothyroidism. Our review adopted some of the strengths of a systematic review. After non-eligible reports were rejected, 29 remaining articles were reviewed. The review found that disruption of the physiological levels of elements in the body adversely affects the functioning of cells and tissues, which can lead to the development of disease.

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“…All patients were required to have no underlying diseases, normal thyroid function by serological examination, and no taken of thyroid preparations or iodine-containing drugs recently. Exclusion criteria: (1) uneven thyroid density, with low-density lesions and calcification; (2) a history of thyroid surgery or thyroid artifacts seriously affected by the surrounding; (3) abnormal thyroid function. A total of 31 patients, aged 22-79 years, with an average age of 54.61±15.13 years, were enrolled in the study, including 16 males and 15 females.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of the correlation between dual-source CT measured thyroid iodine concentrations, contents and thyroid function

Pan

Zhai

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between dual-source CT measured iodine concentration, total iodine content and blood measured thyroid parameters.Methods Dual-source CT was used to scan the neck of thyroid patients. The mean iodine concentration and thyroid tissue volume were measured to calculate the total iodine content of thyroid. Relevant test of triiodothyronine (FT3), total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid hormone (TSH) were conducted. The correlation of thyroid mean iodine concentration and total iodine content with blood measured thyroid function was analyzed.Result The total iodine content in thyroid was positively correlated with FT3, but negatively correlated with TSH. The mean iodine concentration of thyroid was positively correlated with both FT3 and TT3.Conclusion The thyroid iodine content measured by dual-source CT can be used to determine the human iodine nutritional status and evaluate thyroid functions, which will provide help for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases.

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Hypothyroidism and Iodine Deficiency in Children on Chronic Parenteral Nutrition

Abstract: Children on chronic PN are at risk for developing iodine deficiency and resultant hypothyroidism; hence, these children should be screened for these outcomes. Further studies are needed to define the temporal onset of iodine deficiency and timing to thyroid dysfunction related to PN.

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Trace Element Provision in Parenteral Nutrition in Children: One Size Does Not Fit All

Trace Element Provision in Parenteral Nutrition in Children: One Size Does Not Fit All

Selected Essential and Toxic Chemical Elements in Hypothyroidism—A Literature Review (2001–2021)

Studies of the correlation between dual-source CT measured thyroid iodine concentrations, contents and thyroid function

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