2012
DOI: 10.5897/jde11.017
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Hypothyroidism in adults: A review and recent advances in management

Abstract: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder resulting from deficiency of thyroid hormone or, more rarely, from their impaired activity at tissue level. In its clinically overt form, hypothyroidism is a relatively common condition, with an approximate prevalence of 2% in adult women and 0.2% in adult men. Deficiency of the hormone has a wide range of effects, because all metabolically active cells require thyroid hormone. The clinical features of hypothyroidism are dependent on the patient's age, the presence… Show more

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Cited by 16 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…They may have diabetes and hypercholesterolemia and may present with weight gain, puffy face, hoarse and croaky voice, nonpitting edema in lower limbs, loss of outer third of eyebrow, dry skin, and bradycardia. There is also delayed relaxation of deep tendon reflexes, and hypertension (24,25).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They may have diabetes and hypercholesterolemia and may present with weight gain, puffy face, hoarse and croaky voice, nonpitting edema in lower limbs, loss of outer third of eyebrow, dry skin, and bradycardia. There is also delayed relaxation of deep tendon reflexes, and hypertension (24,25).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[13] Hypothyroidism affects all the major body system such as CVS, nervous system, GIT system, reproductive system, renal function, plasma volume, and effect on hemopoietic and coagulation system. [3] Most of these pathologic changes can be reversed by the thyroid hormone replacement therapy. [14,15] The general neurological manifestation of hypothyroidism is headache, tinnitus, psychiatric disorder, visual disturbances, other sensory disorders such as numbness, tingling, and paresthesias are frequently reported.…”
Section: Review Articlementioning
confidence: 99%
“…[2] HT is the most frequent cause of hypothyroidism recorded in 4-9.5% of the adult population and leads to affects the central nervous system, growth and development, cardiovascular system (CVS), skeletal system, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and reproductive activity. [3] Various biochemical diagnostic tests are available for the diagnosis of HT such as the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) test, antithyroid antibodies tests, and the free tetraiodothyronine (T4) hormone test. [4] The HT can be managed by various medicinal systems such as allopathic and herbal drugs.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In hypothyroidism, there is reduced bone turnover in trabecular and cortical bones and an increase in bone resorption that can lead to a negative calcium balance and result in bone loss (2)(3)(4). In children, hypothyroidism causes delayed skeletal maturation and growth arrest (5).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In general, it is expected that thyroid hormone deficiency leads to abnormal bone regeneration (10). Hypothyroidism can occur at all stages of life and is caused by number of factors including autoimmune disease, thyroid surgery, radiation therapy, medication and treatment for hyperthyroidism (2). Accordingly, introduction of a method to treat bone problems caused by hypothyroidism would be very useful.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%