Hypothyroidism modifies differentially the content of lipids and glycogen, lipid receptors, and intraepithelial lymphocytes among oviductal regions of rabbits

Excess Iodine Consumption Induces Oxidative Stress and Pancreatic Damage Independently of Chemical Form in Male Wistar Rats: Participation of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-β

“…Excessive iodine consumption has been associated with alterations in the lipid profile and hyperglycemia in the population [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Therefore, high levels of iodine have been considered a possible risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, characterized by the dysfunction and decrease of pancreatic beta cells [3].…”

“…In mice, the excessive consumption of 1200 or 2400 µg/L of iodide alters insulin, blood glucose levels, and the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index after 6 months [10]. In contrast, low iodine and 25(OH)D concentrations have been associated with complications in diabetic patients [8], and excessive consumption of iodine is associated with pancreatic damage in epidemiological studies [3][4][5][6][7]11]. The pancreas expresses the Na+/I− cotransporter (NIS) to capture iodides [12] and facilitates diffusion to capture molecular iodine (I2) [13].…”

“…Both are public health strategies for the prevention of pathologies associated with iodine deficiency. However, the lack of monitoring programs or regulation of its consumption has led to reported cases of excess iodine consumption in the population, and this could be a risk factor for the development of diabetes, hypothyroidism, and hypertriglyceridemia [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Studies done in models in vitro and in vivo have shown that I2 has antioxidant properties (in low doses) and acts as a free radical scavenger (in high doses); it also acts as an oxidant and can have cytotoxic effects by inducing apoptosis at high concentrations [15][16][17].…”