Hypouricemia and Urate Transporters

Otani, Naoyuki; Ouchi, Motoshi; Misawa, Kazuharu; Hisatome, Ichiro; Anzai, Naohiko

doi:10.3390/biomedicines10030652

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…It exists in the blood and excreted with urine, and the kidney plays an important role in the regulation of uric acid level, the body, 60%~70% of uric acid excretion(18).Therefore, renal function impairment or purine metabolism disorders will cause changes in the body's uric acid levels (19). Uric acid has a variety of biological effects in the human body, which can promote the in ammatory response, and can also serve as an antioxidant and endogenous free radical scavenger, and is closely related to adult chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.In addition to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory diseases are also closely associated with pulmonary interstitial brosis, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea and hypoventilation syndrome, lung cancer, and pneumonia.Meanwhile, it also participates in the occurrence and development of diabetes, liver system, kidney system, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and other systemic diseases (20,21). The majority of patients in the intensive care unit usually experience a variety of pathogenic processes, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, in ammation, and coagulopathy.Uric acid may be a factor involved in the aforementioned pathogenic processes, and may be of potential value for assessing changes in clinical conditions and disease outcomes.The results of this study suggest that a decreased serum uric acid level is a predictor of RMPP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Shen

Sun

2023

Preprint

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Background: This study aims to construct a risk prediction model based on clinical manifestations, laboratory blood indicators and radiological fndings to help clinicians identify patients who are at high risk of refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 369 children with MPP.The data collected included demographics, clinical data ,laboratory findings and imaging data. Descriptive statistical analysis, involving numerous variables, was followed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Subsequently,the clinical prediction model was constructed and underwent internal validation. Results: The clinical prediction model was constructed from these eight variables included fever duration,Pleural effussion,WBC,NEP,CRP, LDH,NLR and SUA.The developed nomogram, which has a satisfactory level of accuracy and good calibration, can be utilized to predict RMPP patients. Conclusion: Fever duration more than 10.5 days,Pleural effussion,WBC＞10.13×109/L,NEP＞6.43×109/L,CRP＞29.45mg/L,LDH＞370.50U/L,NLR＞3.47 and SUA＜170.5 umol/ml was early predictive model of RMPP.The developed nomogram, which has a satisfactory level of accuracy and good calibration, can be utilized to predict RMPP patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Shen

Sun

2023

Preprint

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“…As regards the cellular transport system of uric acid, it is known that in humans, almost all uric acid is filtered by the glomeruli and reabsorbed from the renal tubules through transporter subunits present on the surface of the glomerular lumen (URAT 1), before reaching the basolateral membrane where the URATv1 transporter is located, which plays an important role in uric acid absorption in endothelial cells [ 27 , 28 ]. Experimental studies have shown that uric acid transporters are also expressed in vascular endothelial cells, contributing to inflammation; oxidative stress; and, hence, endothelial dysfunction through a reduction in endothelial NO [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Endothelial Dysfunction and Hyperuricemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperuricemia and Endothelial Function: Is It a Simple Association or Do Gender Differences Play a Role in This Binomial?

Ciarambino

Giordano

2022

Biomedicines

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The endothelium plays a fundamental role in the biological processes that ensure physiological vessel integrity, synthesizing numerous substances that are capable of modulating the tone of vessels, inflammation and the immune system, and platelet function. Endothelial dysfunction refers to an anomaly that develops at the level of the tunica that lines the internal surface of arterial and venous vessels, or, more precisely, an alteration to normal endothelial function, which involves the loss of some structural and/or functional characteristics. Studies on sex differences in endothelial function are conflicting, with some showing an earlier decline in endothelial function in men compared to women, while others show a similar age of onset between the sexes. Since increased cardiovascular risk coincides with menopause, female hormones, particularly estrogen, are generally believed to be cardioprotective. Furthermore, it is often proposed that androgens are harmful. In truth, these relationships are more complex than one might think and are not just dependent on fluctuations in circulating hormones. An increase in serum uric acid is widely regarded as a possible risk factor for cardiovascular disease; however, its role in the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction has not yet been elucidated. Several studies in the literature have evaluated sex-related differences in the association between elevated uric acid levels and cardiovascular events, with conflicting results. The association between uric acid and cardiovascular disease is still controversial, and it is not yet clear how gender differences affect the serum concentration of these substances. This review was primarily aimed at clarifying the effects of uric acid at the level of the vascular endothelium and describing how it could theoretically cause damage to endothelial integrity. The second aim was to determine if there are gender differences in uric acid metabolism and how these differences interact with the vascular endothelium.

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“…Considering the solubility of uric acid, hyperuricemia can be defined as a serum uric acid level > 7.0 mg/dL, regardless of sex [11]. Because the kidneys are the major route of uric acid excretion, a reduction in GFR may lead to hyperuricemia.…”

Section: Hyperuricemia and The Kidneysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hyperuricemia is often associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) [11], and it seems that insulin resistance correlates with serum uric acid levels and inversely correlates with the renal clearance of uric acid [26]. In addition, hyperuricemia may be associated with an increased risk of DKD in patients with type 2 DM [27].…”

Section: Diabetic Kidney Disease (Dkd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Altered Serum Uric Acid Levels in Kidney Disorders

Kim

Jun

2022

Life

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Serum uric acid levels are altered by kidney disorders because the kidneys play a dominant role in uric acid excretion. Here, major kidney disorders which accompany hyperuricemia or hypouricemia, including their pathophysiology, are discussed. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hyperuricemia are frequently associated, but recent clinical trials have not supported the pathogenic roles of hyperuricemia in CKD incidence and progression. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is often associated with hyperuricemia, and hyperuricemia may be associated with an increased risk of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 DM. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have a uricosuric effect and can relieve hyperuricemia in DM. Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD) is an important hereditary kidney disease, mainly caused by mutations of uromodulin (UMOD) or mucin-1 (MUC-1). Hyperuricemia and gout are the major clinical manifestations of ADTKD-UMOD and ADTKD-MUC1. Renal hypouricemia is caused by URAT1 or GLUT9 loss-of-function mutations and renders patients susceptible to exercise-induced acute kidney injury, probably because of excessive urinary uric acid excretion. Hypouricemia derived from renal uric acid wasting is a component of Fanconi syndrome, which can be hereditary or acquired. During treatment for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B or cytomegalovirus, tenofovir, adefovir, and cidofovir may cause drug-induced renal Fanconi syndrome. In coronavirus disease 2019, hypouricemia due to proximal tubular injury is related to disease severity, including respiratory failure. Finally, serum uric acid and the fractional excretion of uric acid are indicative of plasma volume status; hyperuricemia caused by the enhanced uric acid reabsorption can be induced by volume depletion, and hypouricemia caused by an increased fractional excretion of uric acid is the characteristic finding in syndromes of inappropriate anti-diuresis, cerebral/renal salt wasting, and thiazide-induced hyponatremia. Molecular mechanisms by which uric acid transport is dysregulated in volume or water balance disorders need to be investigated.

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Hypouricemia and Urate Transporters

Cited by 24 publications

References 105 publications

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Hyperuricemia and Endothelial Function: Is It a Simple Association or Do Gender Differences Play a Role in This Binomial?

Altered Serum Uric Acid Levels in Kidney Disorders

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