Hypovitaminosis D and reduced cathelicidin are strongly correlated during the multidrug therapy against leprosy

Oliveira, Ana Laura Grossi de; Chaves, Ana Cristina; Cardoso, Mariana Santos; Pinheiro, Guilherme Rafael Gomide; Jesus, Augusto César Parreiras de; Grossi, Maria Aparecida de Faria; Lyon, Sandra; Bueno, Lilian Lacerda; Rocha, Manoel Otávio da Costa; Fujiwara, Ricardo Toshio; Menezes, Cristiane Alves da Silva

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104373

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, CYP27B1 activity varies depending on the site of expression. In the kidney, the primary regulators of CYP27B1 action are changes in parathyroid hormone (PTH) and FGF23, while at other locations, its activity is regulated by a large group of cytokines (16,18). 1,25(OH) 2 D is the biologically active form of vitamin D produced by many organisms including mammals and plants (19).…”

Section: Synthesis and Regulation Of Vitamin D Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in vitamin D metabolism, serum levels and action

Wierzbicka

Oczkowicz

2022

Br J Nutr

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The ubiquity of vitamin D metabolizing enzymes and vitamin D receptors in mammalian organisms suggests that vitamin D has pleiotropic effects. There are quite a few studies indicating the anticancer, cardioprotective and anti-diabetic effects of vitamin D, however, the best-documented actions of vitamin D are the regulation of calcium-phosphate balance and its effect on immune function. Vitamin D levels in organisms are modulated by many environmental and nonenvironmental factors. One potential factor that may influence vitamin D levels and effects is the sex of the individuals studied. This review focuses on the scientific evidence indicating different synthesis and metabolism of vitamin D in females and males, mainly from PubMed database sources. The article verifies the sex differences in vitamin D levels reported around the world. Moreover, the different effects of vitamin D on the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, nervous, and immune systems, as well as cancer in males and females, were discussed. Most studies addressing sex differences in vitamin D levels and effects are observational studies with conflicting results. Therefore, carefully designed clinical trials and experiments on animal models should be carried out to determine the role of nonenvironmental factors that may differentiate vitamin D levels in females and males.

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Section: Synthesis and Regulation Of Vitamin D Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in vitamin D metabolism, serum levels and action

Wierzbicka

Oczkowicz

2022

Br J Nutr

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“…Specifically, it has been shown that vitamins A, C, D, E and B12 and minerals zinc, magnesium and selenium are significantly lower in leprosy patients when compared with healthy controls. 12 – 14 , 19 , 20 As such, research has explored supplementing specific nutrient deficiencies in leprosy to enhance the antioxidant response and decrease morbidity overall.…”

Section: Leprosymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, it has been shown that vitamins A, C, D, E and B12 and minerals zinc, magnesium and selenium are significantly lower in leprosy patients when compared with healthy controls. [12][13][14]19,20 As such, research has explored supplementing specific nutrient deficiencies in leprosy to enhance the antioxidant response and decrease morbidity overall. however, research has focused on genetics as specific polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene yield explicit immune responses that characterize leprosy.…”

Section: Nutritional Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 12 , 13 , 17 Supplementation of vitamins A, C, D, E and B12 and minerals zinc, magnesium and selenium in leprosy cohorts, where nutrient deficiency is common, has been shown to enhance the antioxidant response and decrease morbidity overall. 12 – 14 , 17 – 20 Nutrient supplementation has been instrumental in reducing host oxidative stress, strengthening the immune system and mitigating potential adverse events in leprosy. 17 , 21 – 24 Likewise, dietary interventions have been specifically shown to reduce overall symptomatology and improve the quality of life of individuals suffering from PNP due to diabetes, a significant and common comorbidity of leprosy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of nutrition in neuropathic pain of leprosy

Klowak

Boggild

2022

Therapeutic Advances in Infection

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Leprosy is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that continues to burden low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite being eliminated as a public health concern by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2000. The causative agents, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis, affect nearly 200,000 individuals globally each year, with over 19,000 new cases detected in the Americas in 2020 alone. Canada has experienced an increasing incidence of leprosy, due to rising levels of travel and migration from endemic areas, reaching over 37,000 individuals with leprosy by the end of 2020. Patients experience a spectrum of signs and symptoms including hypopigmented cutaneous macules alongside peripheral neuropathy including peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) and disabling sensory neuropathies. Despite the development of effective and curative therapeutics via multidrug therapy (MDT), many barriers to treatment adherence and effective immunological control of the pathogen challenge the care of patients with leprosy. Socioeconomic barriers, such as disability-related social stigma and often undiagnosed nutritional deficiencies, have resulted in heightened disease severity. PNP therapeutics are associated with significant side effects and remain ineffective as the majority of individuals will not experience a greater than 30% reduction of symptoms. Nutrient supplementation is known to be instrumental in reducing host oxidative stress, strengthening the immune system and mitigating comorbidities. Likewise, dietary lifestyle interventions known to be physiologically beneficial have recently emerged as powerful tools conferring neuroprotective effects, potentially mitigating PNP severity. However, a significant knowledge gap concerning the effect of adequate nutrition on host immunological control of leprosy and PNP severity exists. Further evaluation of this relationship will provide key insight into the pathogenesis of leprosy, strengthening the current body of literature.

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“…Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) is part of the innate immune response ( 10 , 11 ). Defensin and cathelicidin are part of the antimicrobial peptide ( 12 ). Cathelicidin is an antimicrobial protein found in neutrophils and keratinocytes ( 13 , 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Cathelicidin Levels in the Skin of Leprosy Patients and Their Household Contacts

Argentina,

Suwarsa,

Gunawan

et al. 2024

ama

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Objective. This study aimed to compare cathelicidin levels in the skin of leprae patients and leprae contacts. Patients and Methods. This research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. Fifty-four research subjects participated in this study. They consisted of leprae patients, household contacts, and healthy individuals. Cathelicidin levels were measured using the ELISA method. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS software, and univariate and bivariate analysis was conducted. Results. Cathelicidin levels in the leprae group (256.8±22.9 pg/ml) were higher than in the contact group (25.9±2.7 pg/ml). Likewise, the contact group had higher cathelicidin levels than healthy controls (1.4±0.1 pg/ml). Statistically, there were differences in cathelicidin levels between groups, P<0.050. Conclusion. Cathelicidin levels in leprae patients were higher than those in household contacts.

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Hypovitaminosis D and reduced cathelicidin are strongly correlated during the multidrug therapy against leprosy

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Sex differences in vitamin D metabolism, serum levels and action

Sex differences in vitamin D metabolism, serum levels and action

A review of nutrition in neuropathic pain of leprosy

A Comparison of Cathelicidin Levels in the Skin of Leprosy Patients and Their Household Contacts

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