Hypovitaminosis D is associated with lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostate hyperplasia in type 2 diabetes

Abstract

SUMMARYLower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) may develop more commonly in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). LUTS are often associated with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), in general population. An association between LUTS and hypovitaminosis D, and between hypovitaminosis D and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), has also been suggested. Thus, we aim to evaluate possible relationships between hypovitaminosis D, LUTS, and BPH in T2DM men. In this prospective observational study, 67 T2DM males (57.9 AE 9.28 years) underwent medical history collection, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire, that allows the identification and grading of LUTS, physical examination, biochemical/hormonal blood tests (fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, LH, total testosterone, estradiol (E 2 ), 25-OH-vitamin D, PTH, calcium, phosphate, and PSA) and ultrasound transrectal prostate examination. Subdividing patients into three groups, on the base of 25-OH-vitamin D concentration (sufficiency ≥50; insufficiency >25 < 50; and deficiency ≤25 nM), a significant progressive increase of prostate volume (p = 0.037), IPSS score (p = 0.019), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.018), and a significant decrease in HDL cholesterol (p = 0.038) were observed. 25-OH-Vitamin D levels were inversely correlated with both IPSS (R = À0.333; p = 0.006) and prostate volume (R = À0.311; p = 0.011). At multivariate analysis, hypovitaminosis D remained an independent predictor of both IPSS and prostate volume. In conclusion, we showed, for the first time, an association between 25-OH-vitamin D deficiency, LUTS, and BPH in T2DM men.

Yaşlanan erkekte benign prostat hiperplazisine bağlı alt üriner sistem semptomları ile vitamin D seviyesi arasındaki ilişki.

“…In the study conducted by Caretta et al, the relation between vitamin D deficiency and lower urinary tract symptoms in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients was evaluated and it was observed that 25 OH vitamin D levels decreased progressively with increasing IPSS scores in type 2 DM patients. The correlation between 25 OH vitamin D levels and IPSS remained statistically significant after correction of age, body mass index, PSA and testosterone (R = -0.305, p = 0.020) (22). In our study, 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels of patients diagnosed with BPH were found to be significantly lower than the control group.…”

Impact of serum 25‐OH vitamin D level on lower urinary tract symptoms in men: a step towards reducing overactive bladder

“…In a previous study, serum vitamin D concentration was reported to be lower in men with LUTS than in men without LUTS . In addition, several studies have reported that prostate volume and detrusor overactivity increase as serum vitamin D levels decrease; however, these relationships are still unclear, and more research in these areas is needed to demonstrate the relationship between vitamin D and the aetiologies of male LUTS.…”

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between Vitamin D Status and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

“…A total of 1,612 studies were retrieved from the PubMed, Embase and Scopus databases; 23 studies with 86,332 participants were ultimately included. 5,6,9–11,17–34 The characteristics of the included studies are listed in table 1. Of all the studies, 15 studies with 11,257 participants reported the relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and LUTS.…”