Hypoxemia in COVID‐19; Comment on: “The neuroinvasive potential of SARS‐CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID‐19 patients”

Central Nervous System Manifestations Associated with COVID-19

“…23 patients had ICH and 24 patients had ischemic stroke. Among the COVID-19 patients with ICH, 19 (69.6%) patients had lobar hemorrhage, which was significantly high compared to the number of patients with non-lobar hemorrhage (7 [30.4%]) Retrospective Iran Behzadnia et al [ 112 ] Hemorrhagic lesions and white matter microhemorrhages in 30% and 24% of 37 COVID-19 patients presenting with neurological manifestations with relevant abnormal brain MRI, respectively Retrospective France Kremer et al [ 30 ] Bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage Case report Iran Haddai et al (2020) [ 113 ] Immune thrombocytopenic purpura—SAH Case report France Zulfiqar et al (2020) [ 114 ] Vasculitis Case report France Hanafi et al (2020) [ 115 ] Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis Case report UK Hughes et al (2020) [ 116 ] Cerebral venous thrombosis Case report USA Klein et al [ 117 ] Venus thromboembolism was seen in 36% and ischemic stroke in 2.5% of 388 patients Retrospective Italy Lodigiani et al [ 118 ] Silent hypoxemia Attributable to the brain infection and subsequent dysfunction of breathe controlling centers in cortical regions rather than subcortical structures and the brain stem Commentary NA Coen et al (2020) [ 120 ] White matter and globus pallidum inflammatory lesions CT scan of the brain demonstrated hypodense lesions involving supratentorial white matter and pallidum bilaterally. MRI showed bilateral but asymmetrical lesions with periventricular and deep white matter involvement Case report France Brun et al (2020) [ 147 ] Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Haloperidol decanoate use 3 weeks prior to admission Case report USA Kajani et al (2020) [ 127 ] Steroid responsiv...…”

Optic nerve analysis in COVID‐19 patients

“…Hence, brainstem involvement could play a role in respiratory failure. 8,9 COVID-19 treatment may also be a possible mechanism for these RNFLT changes. However, no changes in RNFL have been described with hydroxychloroquine, and we found no reports of changes associated with lopinavir/ritonavir.…”

A Comprehensive Updated Review on SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19

“…53 An article hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 may induce dysfunction of a cortical area of the brain that blunted visceral perception of hypoxemia. 54 A survey in 417 mild to moderate COVID-19 patients from 12 European hospitals identified that 85.6% and 88.0% of patients reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, respectively. The survey also found a significant association between both disorders.…”