Hypoxia-Inducible Factor and Oxidative Stress in Tendon Degeneration: A Molecular Perspective

Abstract

Tendinopathy is a debilitating condition marked by degenerative changes in the tendons. Its complex pathophysiology involves intrinsic, extrinsic, and physiological factors. While its intrinsic and extrinsic factors have been extensively studied, the role of physiological factors, such as hypoxia and oxidative stress, remains largely unexplored. This review article delves into the contribution of hypoxia-associated genes and oxidative-stress-related factors to tendon degeneration, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies. The unique aspect of this study lies in its pathway-based evidence, which sheds light on how these factors can be targeted to enhance overall tendon health.

A Molecular Perspective on HIF-1α and Angiogenic Stimulator Networks and Their Role in Solid Tumors: An Update

“…However, the primary function of this isoform remains unclear. Both HIF-1α and HIF-2α contribute to tumor hypoxia, but HIF-1α appears to be more prominently involved in energy metabolism and angiogenesis [ 18 , 19 ]. Many studies have suggested that HIF-1α is a key regulator of many essential pathways, including those of growth factors, glycolytic enzymes, the modulation of natural killer cells, resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and the promotion of angiogenesis.…”