Hypoxia-Irrelevant Photonic Thermodynamic Cancer Nanomedicine

Abstract

The hypoxic tumor microenvironment severely lowers the therapeutic efficacy of oxygen-dependent anticancer modalities because tumor hypoxia hinders the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. Here we report a thermodynamic cancer-therapeutic modality that employs oxygen-irrelevant free radicals generated from thermo-labile initiators for inducing cancer cell death. A free radical nanogenerator was engineered via direct growth of mesoporous silica layer onto the surface of two-dimensional Nb 2 C MXene nanosheets toward multifunctionality, where the mesopore provided the reservoirs for initiators and the MXene core acted as the photonicthermal trigger at the near-infrared-II biowindow (NIR-II). Upon illumination by a 1064 nm NIR-II laser, the photothermal-conversion effect of Nb 2 C MXene induced the fast release and quick decomposition of the encapsulated initiators (AIPH) to produce free radicals, which promoted cancer cell apoptosis in both normoxic and hypoxic microenvironment. Systematic in vitro and in vivo evaluations have demonstrated the synergistic-therapeutic outcome of this intriguing photonic nanoplatform-enabled thermodynamic cancer therapy for completely eradicating the 4T1 tumors without recurrence by NIR-II laser irradiation. This work pioneers the thermodynamic therapy for oxygen-independent cancer treatment by photonic triggering at the NIR-II biowindow.

A Biocompatible Free Radical Nanogenerator with Real‐Time Monitoring Capability for High Performance Sequential Hypoxic Tumor Therapy

“…Although promising, this approach still has to be improved in some aspects before wide clinical applications. For example, the possible cytotoxicity and unsatisfactory degradability in body originating from inorganic photothermal agents (such as gold nanocage, magnetic Fe 5 C 2 NPs, and Nb 2 C Mxene nanosheets) which could have potential effects . On the other hand, low initiator loading capacity would dramatically limit the therapeutic effect of this method due to insufficient free radicals generation.…”

2D MXenes as Perspective Immobilization Platforms for Design of Electrochemical Nanobiosensors

“…Another study shows adsorption of positively charged arginine on MXene surface , which can be applied for further MXene modifications by proteins. Electrostatic interaction was also applied for deposition of positively charged cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAB) on MXene with subsequent formation of mesoporous silica layer (a pore size of 2.9 nm) by co‐deposition of CTAB and Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in the next step .…”

Energy-conversion nanomedicine and biomaterials

“…疏水IR780同时作为光-热能和光-化学能 的转换分子, 被包覆在纳米脂质体内, 可以提高IR780 在肿瘤组织的富集量和延长其在体内的血液循环时 间. 此外, 基于全氟辛基溴(perfluorooctyl bromide, [20] ; (b) Ta 4 C 3 纳米片的制备及其应用于PA/CT成像 导航下的光热消融 [21] ; (c) Nb 2 C纳米片的可控制备及其在NIR-I和NIR-II的光热消融 [24] (网络版彩图) 而诱导肿瘤细胞死亡(图2(b)) [33] . 首先, 我们在二维 [35] .…”

“…MnO x 纳米复合物可充 当纳米酶, 促进肿瘤微环境中H 2 O 2 分解产生氧气. 体 内和体外实验均已证实, 提高肿瘤微环境的氧气浓度 图 2 (a) 自供氧纳米脂质体用于多模式成像导航下的光-热/化学能的转换 [32] ; (b) 多功能纳米体系AIPH@Nb 2 C@mSiO 2 用于 乏氧肿瘤微环境的光-热-化学能的连锁转换 [33] (网络版彩图) 图 3 (a) 纳米复合体系MnO x /TiO 2 -GR用于MRI导航下的超声-化学能的转换 [42] ; (b) 黑色二氧化钛TiO 2−x 实现光-热和超声-化 学能的协同转换 [43] ; (c) 纳米体系HMONs-MnPpIX-PEG的制备及其在肿瘤声动力学治疗方面的应用 [44] (网络版彩图) 可以明显增强SDT功效, 促进超声能量向化学能的高 效转换 [48] .…”

“…(a) Scheme of oxygen-evolving nano-liposome for photo-energy to thermal/chemical energy conversion under the guidance of multimodal imaging[32]; (b) schematic illustration of multifunctional AIPH@Nb 2 C@mSiO 2 for photo-energy to thermal energy to chemical energy cascade conversion[33] (color online).…”