“…A total of 20 in vivo experimental studies meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed [42][43][44][45]47,[52][53][54]58,59,61,62,66,68,[71][72][73][75][76][77]. Among these, 13 studies utilized rats as the animal model [42][43][44][45]54,59,61,62,66,68,71,72,77], 5 studies used mice [52,61,62,75,76], and two studies used rabbits [53,58]. The defect models varied across the studies, with nine studies inducing skull defects [42,44,45,59,61,62,66,71,72], 2 studies creating mandibular defect models…”