2024
DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00251.2024
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Hypoxic effects of heroin and fentanyl and their basic physiological mechanisms

Eugene A. Kiyatkin

Abstract: Respiratory depression that diminishes oxygen delivery to the brain is the most dangerous effect of opioid drugs. While plethysmography is a valuable tool to examine drug-induced changes in respiration, the primary cause of brain abnormalities induced by opioids is the global decrease in brain oxygen levels. The primary goal of this review is to provide an overview and discussion on fluctuations in brain oxygen levels induced by opioids, with a focus on heroin and fentanyl. To evaluate fluctuations in brain ox… Show more

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