Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction: mechanisms of oxygen-sensing

Abstract

HPV supports ventilation-perfusion matching in the lung by diverting blood flow away from oxygen-deprived areas towards regions rich in O2. However, in diseases such as emphysema and cystic fibrosis, widespread HPV leads to hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and ultimately right heart failure. Determining the precise mechanism(s) that underpins hypoxia-response coupling will therefore advance understanding of the fundamental processes contributing to related pathophysiology and provide for improved therapeutics.

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Demonstrates Maintenance of Exercise Capacity in Patients With Hypoxemia and Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations

“…[14][15][16] In contrast, for PAVM patients, the absence of alveolar hypoxia/hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, and PAVM-related structural alterations in the pulmonary vessels, mean that pulmonary vascular resistance at rest is low in severely hypoxemic patients. 3,6,7 The majority of PAVM patients have underlying hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia(HHT), 11,17,18 but overall, pulmonary hypertension is uncommon in PAVM/HHT patients.…”

Hydrogen sulfide as an oxygen sensor

“…A number of mechanisms have been suggested, but none has achieved unequivocal support. Their pros and cons have been extensively reviewed (22,37,47,54,144,155,184,187). The intent of the present review is to examine the evidence suggesting that the O 2 -dependent metabolism of H 2 S is an O 2 sensor.…”

Effects of Stellate Ganglion Block on the Peri-operative Vasomotor Cytokine Content and Intrapulmonary Shunt in Patients with Esophagus Cancer

“…The formation mechanism is relatively complicated. Most studies believe that HPV is the direct effect of hypoxia on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells (Evans et al, 2011;Swenson, 2013), but the effect of intrapulmonary During OLV, ET contents were increased significantly in two groups (P<0.05), and no significant difference was presented (P>0.05). NO content in group S was obviously higher than in group N at T3 (P<0.05), whereas CGRP content in group N was markedly lower than in group S at each time point (P<0.05).…”

“…The formation mechanism is relatively complicated. Most studies believe that HPV is the direct effect of hypoxia on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells (Evans et al, 2011;Swenson, 2013), but the effect of intrapulmonary , Jian-Ping Zhang 1 , Da-Wei Yang 1 , Lei Zhang 1 , Jiang-Rong Guo 1 * vasomotor cytokines cannot be ignored. The composition of stellate ganglion has two possibilities: One is the fusion between the 7th and 8th cervical sympathetic ganglia and the 1st thoracic sympathetic ganglion.…”