Hysterothylacium aduncum (Nematoda, Anisakidae) with a new host record from the common sole Solea solea (Soleidae) and its role as a biological indicator of pollution

Abstract

Hysterothylacium aduncum (Nematoda, Anisakidae) was isolated from the intestine of the common sole Solea solea (Family, Soleidae) collected from coasts along Alexandria City at the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt, during the period from May to September 2013. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed that this nematode parasite belongs to the family Anisakidae in the genus Hysterothylacium. The type species is named H. aduncum, based on the presence of three interlocked lips with the interlabium in between, the presence of cephalic papillae, and large numbers of caudal papillae in males. Body measurements showed that the male worms were smaller than females measuring 13.9-18 mm (16.2 ± 0.2) in length and 0.26-0.34 mm (0.30 ± 0.01) in width. Females measured 20.5-24.5 mm (22.7 ± 0.2) in length and 0.41-0.52 mm (0.45 ± 0.01) in width. The morphological characteristics of this species was confirmed by molecular analysis of 18S rDNA for these parasites followed by comparison between sequence data for them with those obtained from the Genbank showing that H. aduncum is deeply embedded in the genus Hysterothylacium with a sequence similarity between 95.5-94.3 % with close relationships to other H. aduncum specimens and Hysterothylacium sp.. Furthermore, it was shown that this parasitic nematode is able to accumulate larger concentrations of heavy metals such as Fe, Cu, Cd, and Ni within its tissues than of its host fish and thus it can be used as a useful bio-indicator of water pollution.

Parasite responses to pollution: what we know and where we go in ‘Environmental Parasitology’

“… Barbus barbus m, i, l As, Cd, Co , Cu , Fe , Mn, Pb , Se , Sn , V, Zn field 1.4–123 [ 27 ] marine Hysterothylacium sp. Trichiurus lepturus m, i, l, go Cd , Pb field 1.4–1,173.5 [ 194 ] marine Hysterothylacium aduncum Pagellus erythrinus m, i, l, sb, sk Cd, Cr , Cu, Fe, Hg , Mg, Mn, Pb , Zn field 1.1–113.9 [ 195 ] Sparus aurata m, i, l, gi, sk Cd , Cr, Cu , Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Pb , Zn field 1.63–7.31 [ 196 ] Solea solea m, l, gi, k Cd , Cu , Fe , Ni, Pb, Zn field 1.27–80 [ 197 ] marine Hysterothylacium reliquens Nemipterus peronii m, l, k Al , As , Cd , Cr , Cu , Fe , Hg, Mn , Ni , Pb , Se , Sr , Zn field 1.6–185 [ 198 ] marine Paraphilometroides nemipteri Nemipterus peronii m, l, k Al , As , Cd , Cr , Cu , Fe , Hg, Mn , Ni , Pb , Se , Sr , Zn field 1–1,861.2 [ 198 ] limnetic Philometra ovata Gobio go...…”

Trade‐offs between life‐history traits in a coldwater fish in the Mediterranean Sea: the case of blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou

“…Because macro parasites generally have complex life cycles, they can provide information about their habitats and the structure of the ecosystem (Marcogliese, 2004). Also, of interest is their use as biological tags for stock differentiation (MacKenzie & Hemmingsen, 2015) or as indicators of heavy-metal pollution (Abdel-Ghaffar et al, 2014). In addition, monitoring parasites is important in terms of public health, since the ingestion of raw fish infected with anisakid L3 larvae can cause anisakiasis in humans (Arizono et al, 2012).…”

Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, histopathological alterations and parasito-fauna in bentho-pelagic host from Snake Island, Lagos, Nigeria

“…The intestinal macro-parasites are mostly exposed to organic contaminants locked up in the host food chain, while the ecto-parasites are directly exposed to large range of them in the water medium. During pollution impact on host population, the endoparasites increase in intensity due to the host distracted immune response as a result of host energy put in fighting multiple-stress (Poulin, 1992;Avenant-Oldewage, 2001;Abdel-Gaber et al, 2015b). Carlander (1969) had reported correlation between nutrition, disease, contaminants and their effects on fish condition.…”