I. A Comparative Study of the Intra-Vesical Ureters (Uretero-Vesical Valves) in Man and in Experimental Animals

Gruber, Charles M.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)73122-9

Cited by 69 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Gruber studied a variety of animal models and demonstrated that those with the shortest intravesical ureters were most likely to demonstrate VUR [10]. Paquin [11] and Hutch [12] measured intravesical ureter lengths in a small group of normal children and adults and observed that the length of the intravesical ureter varied with age and among individuals within an age group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene discovery and vesicoureteric reflux

Murawski

Gupta

2008

Pediatr Nephrol

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Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is a congenital urinary tract defect caused by abnormal insertion of the ureter within the bladder wall. This leads to a defective ureterovesical junction in which urine flows retrogradely from the bladder to the kidneys. Although VUR is associated with recurrent urinary tract infections, renal malformations, hypertension, and reflux nephropathy, its relationship to each of these clinical entities is poorly understood. Mutations in genes expressed by the developing kidney and urinary tract can cause VUR in mice, and some of these same genes have been identified in humans with VUR. By discovering the genes that are associated with VUR, new hypotheses will be generated such that, eventually, the relationship between VUR and its complications will be understood.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene discovery and vesicoureteric reflux

Murawski

Gupta

2008

Pediatr Nephrol

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“…Passive flap valve theory has been accepted as the most important protection mechanism against VUR in normal animals (Sampson, 1903;Gruber, 1929aGruber, ,b, 1930Hutch et al, 1961). Christie (1973 suggested that prevention of VUR depends on a favourable length: diameter ratio of ureter passing within the bladder wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incomplete protection mechanism against vesico-ureteral reflux and hydronephrosis in the inbred mouse strain DDD

1991

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SummaryWe have previously reported the occurrence and inheritance mode of hydronephrosis in the inbred mouse strain DOD. The present investigation examined the possibility that hydronephrosis may be caused by a vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR). Bladder pressure was measured under anaesthesia in 3 strains of mice (DOD, ddY and C57BL/6). VUR was demonstrated by lower bladder pressure only in the ODD strain. Loading pressure into the renal pelvis (LPP) was significantly higher in DOD than in C57BL/6 (P

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“…Under normal circumstances, the ureter is obliquely inserted into a submucosal tunnel in the bladder wall such that, during normal voiding, the intramural (the term 'intramural' shall be used to refer to that portion of the ureter which traverses the detrusor, submucosal and mucosal layers of the bladder) portion of the ureter is compressed by the musculature of the bladder wall [9], A shortened intramural portion of the ureter will frequently result in reflux, and may actually be the most common cause of VUR [10]. Thus, the average ratio of the length of the intramural ureter to its diameter was 5:1 in normal children but only 1.4:1 in a group of children with VUR [11].…”

Section: Length O F the Intramural Portion O F The Uretermentioning

confidence: 99%

Vesicoureteral Reflux and Reflux Nephropathy

Senekjian

Suki

1982

Am J Nephrol

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Vesicoureteral reflux is an anatomic abnormality, mostly affecting a pediatric population, which may be the second leading cause of end-stage renal failure. Most cases of reflux are due to abnormalities in the insertion of the ureters into the bladder, either congenital or acquired. Most commonly, VUR is discovered during routine evaluation of urinary tract infections, but may also be present in patients with severe hypertension or chronic renal failure. The diagnosis is confirmed radiologically, utilizing either voiding cinecystography or radioisotopic methods. VUR can result in renal failure through scarring secondary to ‘chronic pyelonephritis’ or through a glomerulopathy, possibly immune in origin. In most series, the glomerulopathy is felt to be the cause of the end-stage renal failure. Treatment of VUR includes conservative (medical) management with the hope that maturation of the ureterovesical junction will cure reflux. Surgical therapy is reserved for those patients in whom this maturation is not expected to occur or in those whose urinary infections cannot be controlled. In those patients who have developed the glomerulopathy secondary to VUR, surgery may not halt the progression of the renal disease. VUR in a transplanted kidney may result in a higher risk of loss of the graft due to glomerulopathy or chronic rejection.

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I. A Comparative Study of the Intra-Vesical Ureters (Uretero-Vesical Valves) in Man and in Experimental Animals

Cited by 69 publications

References 5 publications

Gene discovery and vesicoureteric reflux

Gene discovery and vesicoureteric reflux

Incomplete protection mechanism against vesico-ureteral reflux and hydronephrosis in the inbred mouse strain DDD

Vesicoureteral Reflux and Reflux Nephropathy

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