A posterioridietary patterns and risk of pancreatic and renal cancers

Abstract

Purpose Dietary patterns have been used to explore the association between dietary factors and risk of pancreatic cancer (PC) and renal cancer (RC); however, the association remains unclear. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively review these associations. Design/methodology/approach Pertinent studies published prior to March 2016 were systematically searched and retrieved through PubMed and Scopus databases. Adjusted risk estimates were derived by comparing the highest with the lowest categories of dietary pattern scores and were combined by using the fixed-effects model when no substantial heterogeneity was observed; otherwise, the random-effects model was used. Findings A total of nine studies, five for PC (including 2,059 cases and 41,774 participants/controls) and four for RC (with 1,327 cases and 53,007 participants/controls), were included in this meta-analysis. A decreased risk of PC was shown for the highest compared with the lowest categories of the healthy dietary pattern (OR = 0.72, 95 per cent CI = 0.51-0.94, random effects (p-value for heterogeneity = 0.004)), whereas no significant association with Western dietary was observed (OR = 1.16, 95 per cent CI = 0.87-1.44, fixed effects). In the overall analysis, a significant association was found between the healthy dietary pattern and reduced risk of RC (OR = 0.59, 95 per cent CI = 0.48-0.71, fixed effects (p-value for heterogeneity = 0.459)), whereas the Western pattern was positively associated with risk of RC (OR = 1.42, 95 per cent CI = 1.14-1.69, fixed effects). For both cancers, the reduced risk associated with the healthy pattern was restricted to case-control, but not cohort, studies. Furthermore, drinking pattern was significantly related to reduced risk of RC (OR = 0.68, 95 per cent CI = 0.42-0.94). Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, the present study is the first English document to summarize systematically the findings from observational studies in response to this question whether a posteriori dietary patterns are associated with susceptibility to the risk of renal and ovarian cancers.

Healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns and the risk of chronic disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies

“…There were <5 primary prospective cohort studies available for prostate, lung, gastric and pancreatic cancers. In addition, one published meta-analysis assessed the association of diet patterns with the risk of renal cancer (17) , but they did not include prospective cohort study in their analysis. Four published meta-analyses of diet patterns and obesity (58) , endometrial cancer (59) , hypertension (60) and ovarian cancer (61) included only one prospective cohort study.…”

“…The associations of empirical dietary patterns with the risk of non-communicable chronic diseases have been widely investigated. There is evidence that healthy or unhealthy dietary patterns are associated with the risk of the metabolic syndrome (13) T2D (14) , CVD (15) and site-specific cancers (16,17) . However, the interpretation of the results may have been limited by inclusion of cross-sectional, case-control and retrospective cohort studies.…”

The association of dietary inflammatory index with urinary risk factors of kidney stones formation in men with nephrolithiasis

“…In contrast, simple sugars, red meats, high-fat dairy products, and refined grains are associated with elevated inflammatory markers [12]. Nevertheless, nutrients or foods are not consumed separately but as part of the whole diet [13][14][15]. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is developed to measures the overall inflammatory potential of diets [16], which has been recognized to be related to the biomarkers of inflammation [17].…”

The association of dietary inflammatory index with urinary risk factors of kidney stones formation in men with nephrolithiasis

“…In contrast, simple sugars, red meats, high-fat dairy products, and re ned grains are associated with elevated in ammatory markers [12]. Nevertheless, nutrients or foods are not consumed separately but as part of the whole diet [13][14][15].…”