<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>Septicemia in a Recipient of an Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Al-Anazi, Khalid Ahmed; Abdalhamid, Baha; Z, Al-Shibani; Awad, Khalid; Alzayed, A.; Hassan, Hesham; Alsayiegh, Mohammed

doi:10.1155/2012/646195

Cited by 10 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, at times no source of infection or bacteremia can be identified (1, 3). Hospital sources of infection include: sinks, tables, mattresses, pillows, shower units, infusion pumps in addition to suction and resuscitation equipment (4).…”

Section: Overview Of Acinetobacter Baumannii Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infections caused by A. baumannii can be complicated by: extensive soft tissue necrosis, bloodstream infections, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), systemic or disseminated infection, multi-organ failure, and death (1, 3). …”

Section: Overview Of Acinetobacter Baumannii Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New experimental trials are needed to evaluate the activity and safety of peptides and other novel antimicrobial agents for A. baumannii infections (1, 3, 6, 8, 9). Treatment of complicated infections in severely ill and septic patients having A. baumannii is usually in the form of combination therapies that include: piperacillin–tazobactam and amikacin, piperacillin–tazobactam and colistin, or colistin and rifampicin (10).…”

Section: Overview Of Acinetobacter Baumannii Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is widely distributed in nature and environmental sources include: soil, water, vegetables, animals, and insects (1–3). The genus Acinetobacter comprises more than 30 different species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infections Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii in Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Al-Anazi

Al-Jasser

2014

Front. Oncol.

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Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-fermentative coccobacillus, which is widely distributed in nature. Recently, it has emerged as a major cause of health care-associated infections (HCAIs) in addition to its capacity to cause community-acquired infections. Risk factors for A. baumannii infections and bacteremia in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation include: severe underlying illness such as hematological malignancy, prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, invasive instrumentation such as central venous catheters or endotracheal intubation, colonization of respiratory, gastrointestinal, or urinary tracts in addition to severe immunosuppression caused by using corticosteroids for treating graft versus host disease. The organism causes a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, but serious complications such as bacteremia, septic shock, ventilator-associated pneumonia, extensive soft tissue necrosis, and rapidly progressive systemic infections that ultimately lead to multi-organ failure and death are prone to occur in severely immunocompromised hosts. The organism is usually resistant to many antimicrobials including penicillins, cephalosporins, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, almost all fluoroquinolones, and most of the aminoglycosides. The recently increasing resistance to carbapenems, colistin, and polymyxins is alarming. Additionally, there are geographic variations in the resistance patterns and several globally and regionally resistant strains have already been described. Successful management of A. baumannii infections depends upon appropriate utilization of antibiotics and strict application of preventive and infection control measures. In uncomplicated infections, the use of a single active beta-lactam may be justified, while definitive treatment of complicated infections in critically ill individuals may require drug combinations such as colistin and rifampicin or colistin and carbapenem. Mortality rates in patients having bacteremia or septic shock may reach 70%. Good prognosis is associated with presence of local infection, absence of multidrug resistant strain, and presence of uncomplicated infection while poor outcome is associated with severe underlying medical illness, bacteremia, septic shock, multi-organ failure, HCAIs, admission to intensive care facilities for higher levels of care, and culture of certain aggressive genotypes of A. baumannii.

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Section: Overview Of Acinetobacter Baumannii Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Acinetobacter Baumannii Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Acinetobacter Baumannii Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Infections Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii in Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Al-Anazi

Al-Jasser

2014

Front. Oncol.

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“…This pathogen is associated with high mortality [18]. Debilitated patients in ICUs are especially prone to Acinetobacter infections [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pneumonia and Infection in Intensive Care Unit

Rodríguez¹,

Surani²

2017

Contemporary Topics of Pneumonia

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Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pneumonia can be problematic and challenging to treat in an era of increasing resistance and limited treatment armamentarium. Multidrug-resistant pathogens are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, thus early empiric appropriate antibiotics are critical for survival. Many factors play a role in the selection, optimization, and duration of therapy that should be made on an individual basis. New technologies such as "rapid diagnostics" may provide the clinician with early phenotypic or genotypic result, thus improving early appropriate therapy. The increasing antibiotic resistance is a global threat to patients worldwide and is an economic burden. In the United States, drug-resistant bacteria cause approximately 2 million cases of illnesses and contribute to 23,000 deaths each year. The inappropriate use of antibiotics has contributed to the healthcare burden that ranges from $27 to $42 billion annually. As a result, several governmental agencies have placed forth regulatory mandates to enforce antimicrobial stewardship programs in acute care hospitals. Education will be vital across all healthcare disciplines to ultimately ensure optimal prescribing and reduce the emergence of resistance.

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Acinetobacter baumannii bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancy: a multicentre retrospective study from the Infection Working Party of Jiangsu Society of Hematology

Wang

Zhang

Sun³

et al. 2017

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancies is fatal but rarely reported. We explored the clinical characteristics, drug resistances and prognostic factors in these patients. This multicentre, retrospective study was conducted at the department of haematology wards of 18 tertiary hospitals in China from January 2014 to June 2015. The total clinical isolates from every source were collected from patients with haematological malignancy. Haematological malignancy patients diagnosed with Ab bacteraemia were analysed. During the study period, 40 patients with Ab bacteraemia were identified, accounting for 2.9% (40/1358) of bacteraemia cases, of which 25 (62.5%) had acute leukaemia (AL) and 27 (67.5%) had neutropaenia. Compared with non-neutropaenic patients, neutropaenic patients showed higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) scores and 30-day mortality rates (p < 0.05). The in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of Ab to colistin was highest, at 100%, followed by that of tigecycline (91.30%) and amikacin (75.86%). Compared with the patients who had carbapenem-susceptible Ab infections, patients infected with carbapenem-resistant Ab (CRAB) had significantly longer hospital stays and were more likely to have had exposure to carbapenem before bacteraemia (p < 0.05). The 30-day mortality rate was 32.5%. CRAB, neutropaenia, higher APACHE score, Pitt bacteraemia score and inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy were significantly associated with 30-day mortality. Multivariable analysis showed that APACHE score and CRAB were independent predictors of 30-day mortality. Haematologic patients with AL and febrile neutropaenia were at high risk of Ab bacteraemia. More attention should be paid to CRAB, which is an independent risk factor for mortality in haematological malignancy patients with Ab bacteraemia.

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Acinetobacter baumanniiSepticemia in a Recipient of an Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Infections Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii in Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Infections Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii in Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pneumonia and Infection in Intensive Care Unit

Acinetobacter baumannii bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancy: a multicentre retrospective study from the Infection Working Party of Jiangsu Society of Hematology

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