<i>Actinomyces graevenitzii</i> Pulmonary Abscess Mimicking Tuberculosis in a Healthy Young Man

Gliga, Smaranda; Devaux, Mathilde; Woimant, M.; Mompoint, D.; Perronne, Christian

doi:10.1155/2014/841480

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This may be due to the racial difference in the oral microbiome. Such racial difference has been reported in earlier studies of the vaginal microbiome [54,55].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Oral microbiome and obesity in a large study of low-income and African-American populations

Yang

Cai

Wang

et al. 2019

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Few studies have evaluated the relationship of oral microbiome with obesity. We investigated the oral microbiome among 647 obese and 969 non-obese individuals from the Southern Community Cohort Study, through 16S rRNA gene sequencing in mouth rinse samples. We first investigated 16 taxa in two probiotic genera, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus . Among them, eight showed nominal associations with obesity ( P < 0.05). Especially, Bifidobacterium (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.54, 0.83) and Bifidobacterium longum (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.73) were significantly associated with decreased obesity prevalence with false-discovery rate (FDR)-corrected P of 0.01 and 5.41 × 10 −4 , respectively. Multiple other bacterial taxa were also significantly associated with obesity prevalence at FDR-corrected P < 0.05. Among them, five in Firmicutes and two respectively in Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were significantly associated with increased obesity prevalence. Significant associations with decreased obesity prevalence were observed for two taxa respectively in Actinobacteria and Firmicutes . Most of these taxa were associated with body mass index at study enrollment and weight gain during adulthood. Also, most of these associations were observed in both European- and African-Americans. Our findings indicate that multiple oral bacterial taxa, including several probiotic taxa, were significantly associated with obesity.

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“…This may be due to the racial difference in the oral microbiome. Such racial difference has been reported in earlier studies of the vaginal microbiome [54,55].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Oral microbiome and obesity in a large study of low-income and African-American populations

Yang

Cai

Wang

et al. 2019

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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“…that have a predilection for causing invasive infections at specific body sites (2). Our study confirmed previous reports of the association of A. graevenitzii with pulmonary infections (33,34) and of A. radingae with SSTA infections of the upper body associated with chest or breast abscesses (35). In our study, we found that A. odontolyticus was the most common and diverse cause of invasive actinomycosis, including intraabdominal abscesses, osteomyelitis, pulmonary infections, and sepsis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Species-Level Identification of Actinomyces Isolates Causing Invasive Infections: Multiyear Comparison of Vitek MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry) to Partial Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene

2016

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Actinomyces species are uncommon but important causes of invasive infections. The ability of our regional clinical microbiology laboratory to report species-level identification of Actinomyces relied on molecular identification by partial sequencing of the 16S ribosomal gene prior to the implementation of the Vitek MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry [MALDI-TOF MS]) system. We compared the use of the Vitek MS to that of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for reliable species-level identification of invasive infections caused by Actinomyces spp. because limited data had been published for this important genera. A total of 115 cases of Actinomyces spp., either alone or as part of a polymicrobial infection, were diagnosed between 2011 and 2014. Actinomyces spp. were considered the principal pathogen in bloodstream infections (n ‫؍‬ 17, 15%), in skin and soft tissue abscesses (n ‫؍‬ 25, 22%), and in pulmonary (n ‫؍‬ 26, 23%), bone (n ‫؍‬ 27, 23%), intraabdominal (n ‫؍‬ 16, 14%), and central nervous system (n ‫؍‬ 4, 3%) infections. Compared to sequencing and identification from the SmartGene Integrated Database Network System (IDNS), Vitek MS identified 47/115 (41%) isolates to the correct species and 10 (9%) isolates to the correct genus. However, the Vitek MS was unable to provide identification for 43 (37%) isolates while 15 (13%) had discordant results. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA sequences demonstrate high diversity in recovered Actinomyces spp. and provide additional information to compare/confirm discordant identifications between MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA gene sequences. This study highlights the diversity of clinically relevant Actinomyces spp. and provides an important typing comparison. Based on our analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequencing should be used to rapidly identify Actinomyces spp. until MALDI-TOF databases are optimized.A ctinomyces species are uncommon human bacterial pathogens that can cause a wide variety of invasive infections (1). The Actinomyces genus is part of the family Actinomycetaceae, of which there are currently 47 published species, but several novel Actinomyces taxa have recently been described by molecular analyses targeting the ribosomal 16S rRNA gene (2). For example, the Human Oral Microbiome Database (www.homd.org) currently reports many species-level Actinomyces taxa that have not yet been named (3). The pathogenic role of known and novel Actinomyces spp. in contributing alone or as part of polymicrobial flora to human invasive infections is underappreciated because many clinical microbiology laboratories continue to rely on phenotypic methods for identification (4-7). Because Actinomyces spp. grow best under anaerobic conditions and are notoriously fastidious, slow -growing organisms, they may be missed as important pathogens by routine aerobic culture techniques and incubation periods (2,8).Upon microscopic examination, Actinomyces isolates typically appear as Gram-positive bacilli that may be coryneform-like with palisading or branching ...

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“…Differentiation between these entities can be challenging. 27 We suggest actinomycosis should be kept in mind. Despite the causative organism does not play any role for initial surgical treatment gathering of samples at that point of time including tissue and liquid samples for diagnostics is crucial for the patient and the continuative therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Actinomyces Meyeri Empyema Necessitatis—A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Ellebrecht

Pross

Schierholz

et al. 2019

Surg J

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Pleural empyema necessitatis caused by Actinomyces meyeri is a rare but severe infection. A. species predominantly A. meyeri and A. israelii represent the second most common pathogen for empyema necessitans after mycobacteria. The incidence is reported in the literature to be 1:300,000. Men are thrice more likely to be affected than women. Pathogenetically, an infection can be triggered by aspiration in immunocompromised individuals which leads to an atelectasis with pneumonitis.In two cases, a 38-year-old construction worker and a 61-year-old woman with ulcerative breast carcinoma, who presented to the local emergency department with a painful swelling of the left chest, diagnostic workup revealed a pleural empyema necessitatis of the left chest. An antibiotic treatment was initiated with piperacillin/tazobactam and sulbactam/ampicillin, respectively. Temporally vacuum-dressing therapy was initiated after surgical debridement. In the course of the procedure, a reconstruction of tissue damage was feasible. The patients were recovered completely and discharged with an oral antibiotic treatment (amoxicillin) for 6 and 12 months, respectively.Thoracic actinomycosis is a relatively uncommon and traditionally chronic, indolent infection secondary to pulmonary infection with A. species. Surgical treatment is generally reserved for cases failing to resolve with antibiotic therapy. Early diagnosis, prompt debridement, and narrow spectrum β-lactam antibiotics can result in complete resolution of infection and good prognosis.

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Actinomyces graevenitzii Pulmonary Abscess Mimicking Tuberculosis in a Healthy Young Man

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Oral microbiome and obesity in a large study of low-income and African-American populations

Oral microbiome and obesity in a large study of low-income and African-American populations

Species-Level Identification of Actinomyces Isolates Causing Invasive Infections: Multiyear Comparison of Vitek MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry) to Partial Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene

Actinomyces Meyeri Empyema Necessitatis—A Case Report and Review of the Literature

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