<i>Adeia</i>in Fifth-Century Athens

Esu, Alberto

doi:10.1017/s0075426921000100

J. Hell. Stud.

2021

DOI: 10.1017/s0075426921000100

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Adeiain Fifth-Century Athens

Alberto Esu

Abstract: This article discusses the rationale of adeia (immunity) in the fifth-century Athenian legal system. It argues that adeia was designed to grant a temporary suspension of the effect of a law in exceptional circumstances without allowing for any permanent legal change. This article explores the origin of adeia and the relevant ideology underpinning the legal procedure. It provides a comprehensive reconstruction of the legal procedure and analyses the extensive use of adeia for collecting information during the i… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications

References 84 publications

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XENOPHON'SHYBRIS: LEADERSHIP, VIOLENCE AND THE NORMATIVE USE OF SHAME INANABASIS5.8

Zaccarini

2022

The Class. Q.

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Through a detailed analysis of Xenophon's defence against a charge for hybris among the Ten Thousand, this paper discusses violence, reputation and hierarchy in Greek military and social contexts. Contrary to other recent treatments of the episode, the study highlights the centrality of honour/shame dynamics and of desert in establishing and upholding social order, showing that these notions are found consistently in numerous examples as early as Homer. Addressing the apparent lack of strict discipline in Greek armies, the paper concludes that shame and peer pressure had a strong normative power in acknowledging and reconciling personal claims and common interests within a group.

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XENOPHON'SHYBRIS: LEADERSHIP, VIOLENCE AND THE NORMATIVE USE OF SHAME INANABASIS5.8

Zaccarini

2022

The Class. Q.

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Elite Politicians or Ordinary Citizens? Decree Making and Political Friendship in fifth-century Athens

Barbato

2023

Klio

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Summary This article aims to advance our understanding of Athenian politics through a quantitative study of the proposers of decrees in the Assembly during the fifth century BC. Based on the accounts of Greek historians, biographers and orators, scholars have traditionally envisioned Athenian politics as dominated by an elite whose members competed for power and prestige and controlled the Assembly through dynamics of political friendship. Recent studies of the decree proposers attested in the epigraphical and literary sources have questioned this model. They have shown that, at least during the fourth century, political initiative was not the prerogative of an elite but was rather widespread among ordinary citizens. Yet, the traditional, elite-centred view of Athenian politics is still widely supported among scholars working on the fifth-century democracy. This article challenges this view through a comparative study of the respective pictures of fifth-century decree proposing provided by the literary and epigraphical evidence. By means of statistical tests and analyses, it argues that, while wealth certainly gave elites an advantage in the Assembly through rhetorical training as well as an edge in the run for elective offices, Athenian democracy since the fifth century provided occasional proposers and ordinary citizens with significant pathways for exerting political agency. By reviewing the problematic evidence for the practice of proposing decrees through proxies, this study also shows that the significant level of popular participation attested in the observed data was not a by-product of political friendship, and that Athenian democracy since its early history encouraged models of political aggregation which could cut through friendship groups and enable forms of participation not limited to passively supporting one’s political leaders.

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Ruling through Fear. Cyrus the Great in Xenophon’sCyropaedia

Zaccarini

2023

Klio

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Summary This paper explores Xenophon’s depiction of Cyrus the Great as a ruler in the Cyropaedia. Xenophon’s Cyrus is often regarded by the scholarship as an ideal, benevolent leader sincerely concerned with virtue, friendship, and honour-related dynamics. However, it is clear that Cyrus equally resorts to malicious and divisive means, employing psychological subjugation, fostering mutual rivalry among his friends, and weakening his subjects. His actions ultimately arouse fear, envy, and insecurity, as Cyrus displays some of the typical features of a tyrant. Xenophon possibly meant to show how Cyrus, by successfully balancing different and contrasting aspects, succeeded in maintaining power no matter the costs by ‘domesticating’ his subjects.

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Adeiain Fifth-Century Athens

Cited by 4 publications

References 84 publications

XENOPHON'SHYBRIS: LEADERSHIP, VIOLENCE AND THE NORMATIVE USE OF SHAME INANABASIS5.8

XENOPHON'SHYBRIS: LEADERSHIP, VIOLENCE AND THE NORMATIVE USE OF SHAME INANABASIS5.8

Elite Politicians or Ordinary Citizens? Decree Making and Political Friendship in fifth-century Athens

Ruling through Fear. Cyrus the Great in Xenophon’sCyropaedia

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