Aedes Aegypti—Insights on the Impact of Water Services

Abstract

Epidemics in general and dengue in particular surcharge the health services and the economy. However, the fighting actions are circumscribed to the health sector despite the known positive economic impacts that the investments in water supply and sanitation services (WSS) may cause on society and public health. Besides the fact that urban WSS infrastructure is closely linked to disease prevention, in Brazil, the user's perception and demand are very few and many institutional aspects, like the integration between local WSS, health, environment, and development of city councils, need to be improved and better aligned. In this way, disease control and vector density reduction remain challenges to be overcome. This article addresses the need for greater institutionalization of urban WSS relating them to health aspects from official data. It concludes that the negative impacts of lacking universal access to WSS on dengue and other mosquito diseases are dispersed in all cities, regions, and populations regardless of their degree of development. Furthermore, contrary to what is normally emphasized, the analysis carried out shows that the lack of urban stormwater management systems may be an important component of WSS in preventing the proliferation of dengue disease.

Dengue Reduction through Vector Control

“…The water storage containers exist in the patios as a result of deficiencies in the regular supply of water to the households and the resulting behavior of the families to keep water collected from rain, water stream, or the water supply service when there is a chance to obtain it [9,10]. It is worthy to mention that some discardable containers are kept in the patios with the expectation to assign a function in the future.…”

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Dengue Cases in Cebu City From Year 2015 to 2022

“…Cebu City, a highly urbanized city in the Philippines, had one of the highest numbers of dengue cases for more than a decade (Edillo and Madarieta, 2012). Urbanization often results in the creation of artificial breeding grounds for mosquitoes, such as stagnant water in containers or discarded tires, which further exacerbates the dengue problem (Novaes et al, 2022;Ooi and Gubler, 2009). Moreover, climate changes resulting in increased temperature and rainfall, together with urbanization, may be associated with increased dengue incidence and outbreak risk (Ebi et al, 2016).…”

Reaching Universal Coverage of Water and Sanitation Services: Is Regionalization a Sustainable Path for Developing Countries?

“…WSS public policies should ideally be articulated with other urban and rural development and social progress programs, stimulating employment and income [18]. This multidisciplinary requirement is key to improving territorial resilience to an unpredictable climate [19] or pandemic stressors [20], as well as to mitigating the impacts of inadequate access to WSSs [21].…”