Ageratina adenophora causes spleen toxicity by inducing oxidative stress and pyroptosis in mice

Abstract

Ageratina adenophora is an invasive weed with potent toxicological effects on livestock. Oxidative stress and pyroptosis play a pivotal role in regulating animal or human health and disease. The object of this study was to determine the mechanism underlying splenic toxicity induced by A. adenophora in a mouse model. Ageratina adenophora significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, but decreased the antioxidants like catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase. In addition, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes was also decreased upon A. adenophora treatment. The induction of the pyroptosis pathway was evaluated in terms of the expression levels of Nod-like receptor protein 3, nuclear factor-κB, caspase-1, gasdermin-D and interleukin-1β, all of which were significantly elevated by A. adenophora . These findings suggest that A. adenophora impairs spleen function in mice through oxidative stress damage and pyroptosis.

Ageratina adenophora Inhibits Spleen Immune Function in Rats via the Loss of the FRC Network and Th1–Th2 Cell Ratio Elevation

“…Researchers have studied the main toxic substances, target organs, and toxic effects of A. adenophora , and found that A. adenophora mainly affects the liver and spleen [ 21 ]. This result was in agreement with other studies of A. adenophora leaf toxicity [ 11 , 15 , 18 , 34 ]. In the current study, the leaves of A. adenophora were evaluated for their ability to induce toxicity in the spleen of hosts ingesting them (as a powder) in their standard diet.…”

“…Both normal and experimental feed were shaped into a pellet with a cylindrically-shaped tube, with a diameter of 2 cm and height of 5 cm. as in Sun et al’s study [ 18 ].…”

“…This in turn could lead to activation and promotion of T cell immunity [ 38 , 39 , 40 ], which then causes further imbalance and eventually splenic dysfunction. It has also been reported that A. adenophora caused oxidative stress and inflammatory pyrolysis in the spleen [ 18 ]. In this experiment, it was found that, the loss of the FRC network and changes in levels of local immune response factors in the spleen were part of the overall inflammatory damage caused by A. adenophora.…”

“…Among the effects reported are abnormal liver hematology, jaundice, hepatocyte necrosis, bile duct hyperplasia, liver oxidative stress, and inflammation [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Other studies have also reported toxicity in the spleen, with characteristics like abnormal spleen cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and tissue oxidative stress damage [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. However, A. adenophora also have ethno-pharmacological uses, such as anti-malaria, anti-inflammation, analgesic, and wound healing [ 19 ].…”

Euptox A Induces G0 /GI arrest and apoptosis of hepatocyte via ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction and caspases-dependent pathways <i>in vivo</i>

“…A. adenophora has been reported to induce hepatotoxic effects on various organs of animals (Oelrichs et al, 1995;Katoch et al, 2000;Sun et al, 2019). Euptox A (9-oxo-10, 11-dehydroageraphorone) is one major cadenine sesquiterpene toxin of A. adenophora leaves (Fig.…”