<i>Agrobacterium</i>-Mediated Plant Transformation: Biology and Applications

Hwang, Hau-Hsuan; Yu, Manda; Lai, Erh‐Min

doi:10.1199/tab.0186

Cited by 232 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 372 publications

(329 reference statements)

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“…The success of this method relies on many factors, like type of target cells or tissues and its competence for regeneration and transformation, efficiency of DNA delivery, stringency of system used for selection of transformed cells and the ability to recover fertile transgenic plants. 24] Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation systems in medicinal crops is pertinent to highly efficient and rapid transgenic plant production for desirable traits for cultivation. Increased yield, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, hyper-production of one or more desirable secondary metabolite or other phytochemicals, suppression of synthesis of one or more undesirable phytochemical, suppression of one or more native genes, metabolic engineering of endogenous pathways, incorporation of genetic traits (genes) of new or non-native metabolic pathways in the plant etc., 25,26 A. rhizogenes-based transformation is another potential system for manipulation in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, mainly in roots of medicinal plants.…”

Section: Agrobacterium Mediated Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascertaining the Paradigm of Secondary Metabolism Enhancement through Gene Level Modification in Therapeutic Plants

Sinha¹,

Sandhu²,

Bisht³

et al. 2019

JYP

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Since ages plants with therapeutic effects are used for curing several human ailments. With the development in modern biotechnological tools, these therapeutic compounds could be overexpressed in the plants. This review aims to compile the valuable information from the examples in the literature, regarding the biotechnological tools those could be useful for the overproduction of health-promoting biochemicals in the medicinal plants. Gene level modification is all about creating improved variety of plants that are highly resistant to pests and pesticides or contain higher levels of nutrients than conventional plants. Plant secondary metabolites constitute an exciting and vital aspect of research, due to their chemical diversity, varied biological functions and pharmacological activities. Gene modification, through Agrobacterium mediated transformation , RNA interference or CRISPER/Cas9, has opened avenues of improvement in medicinal plants and provide an alternative production system of pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites for their commercial exploitation.

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Section: Agrobacterium Mediated Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascertaining the Paradigm of Secondary Metabolism Enhancement through Gene Level Modification in Therapeutic Plants

Sinha¹,

Sandhu²,

Bisht³

et al. 2019

JYP

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“…Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a soil-borne phytopathogen that causes crown gall disease in a variety of plant species in nature (Nester, 2014). This bacterium is well-known for its unique ability for inter-kingdom DNA transfer (Chilton et al, 1977;Zambryski et al, 1980;Albright et al, 1987) and has been widely used in plant biotechnology for decades (Tzfira and Citovsky, 2006;Hwang et al, 2017). Under laboratory conditions, A. tumefaciens is also able to transfer DNA into yeast (Bundock et al, 1995;Piers et al, 1996), algae (Kathiresan et al, 2009) and fungal cells (de Groot et al, 1998); it is widely used as a genetic vector for different cells (Michielse et al, 2005;Tzfira and Citovsky, 2006;Idnurm et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agrobacterium VirE3 Uses Its Two Tandem Domains at the C-Terminus to Retain Its Companion VirE2 on the Cytoplasmic Side of the Host Plasma Membrane

Zhu

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the causal agent of crown gall disease in nature; in the laboratory the bacterium is widely used for plant genetic modification. The bacterium delivers a single-stranded transferred DNA (T-DNA) and a group of crucial virulence proteins into host cells. A putative T-complex is formed inside host cells that is composed of T-DNA and virulence proteins VirD2 and VirE2, which protect the foreign DNA from degradation and guide its way into the host nucleus. However, little is known about how the T-complex is assembled inside host cells. We combined the split-GFP and split-sfCherry labeling systems to study the interaction of Agrobacterium-delivered VirE2 and VirE3 in host cells. Our results indicated that VirE2 co-localized with VirE3 on the cytoplasmic side of the host cellular membrane upon the delivery. We identified and characterized two tandem domains at the VirE3 C-terminus that interacted with VirE2 in vitro. Deletion of these two domains abolished the VirE2 accumulation on the host plasma membrane and affected the transformation. Furthermore, the two VirE2-interacting domains of VirE3 exhibited different affinities with VirE2. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the anchorage protein VirE3 uses the two tandem VirE2-interacting domains to facilitate VirE2 protection for T-DNA at the cytoplasmic side of the host cell entrance.

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“…A. tumefaciens is a soil Alphaproteobacterium that infects a broad range of dicotyledonous plants and transfers T-DNA, an oncogenic DNA fragment, to plant’s nuclear genome (12, 13). A. tumefaciens strain C58 encodes a single T6SS gene cluster and is equipped with three toxins namely type VI a midase e ffector (Tae), type VI D Nase e ffector 1 and 2 (Tde1 and Tde2), in which its toxin activity can be neutralized by its cognate immunity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redundancy and specificity of type VI secretion vgrG loci in antibacterial activity of Agrobacterium tumefaciens 1D1609 strain

Santos

Cho

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a contractile nanoweapon employed by many Proteobacteria to deliver effectors to kill or inhibit their competitors. One T6SS gene, vgrG, encodes a spike protein for effector translocation and is often present as multiple copies in bacterial genomes. Our phylogenomic analyses sampled 48 genomes across diverse Proteobacteria lineages and found ∼70% of them encode multiple VgrGs, yet only four genomes have nearly identical paralogs. Among these four, Agrobacterium tumefaciens 1D1609 has the highest vgrG redundancy. Compared to A. tumefaciens model strain C58 which harbors two vgrG genes, 1D1609 encodes four vgrG genes (i.e. vgrGa-d) with each adjacent to different putative effector genes. Thus, 1D1609 was selected to investigate the functional redundancy and specificity of multiple vgrG genes and their associated effectors. Secretion assay of single and multiple vgrG deletion mutants demonstrated that these four vgrGs are functionally redundant in mediating T6SS secretion. By analyzing various vgrG mutants, we found that all except for the divergent vgrGb could contribute to 1D1609’s antibacterial activity. Further characterizations of putative effector-immunity gene pairs revealed that vgrGa-associated gene 2 (v2a) encodes an AHH family nuclease and serves as the major antibacterial toxin. Interestingly, C58’s VgrG2 shares 99% amino acid sequence identity with 1D1609’s VgrGa, VgrGc and VgrGd. This high sequence similarity allows 1D1609 to use an exogenous VgrG delivered from C58 to kill another competing bacterium. Taken together, Agrobacterium can use highly similar VgrGs, either produced endogenously or injected from its close relatives, for T6SS-mediated interbacterial competition.Author’s SummarySelective pressure drives bacteria to develop adaptive strategies, which include competitive and cooperative behaviors. Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is one powerful antibacterial and anti-host nanoweapon employed by many Gram-negative bacteria for growth advantages or pathogenesis. A T6SS-harboring bacterium can encode one to multiple VgrG proteins for delivery of cognate effector(s) but the prevalence and biological significance of having sequence redundant vgrGs have not been comprehensively explored. In this study, we investigated the extensiveness of having multicopy vgrG genes for effector delivery among diverse Proteobacteria with T6SS. Moreover, a plant pathogenic bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain 1D1609 with highest vgrG redundancy was selected for detailed characterization of the roles of multiple VgrGs in T6SS secretion and antibacterial activity. We revealed that the majority of Proteobacterial genomes harbor multiple copies of vgrG and the expansion of vgrG gene clusters contributed to effector diversity and functional redundancy. Furthermore, the near identical VgrG proteins between 1D1609 and its sibling strain C58 can be exchanged for effector delivery in killing another competing bacterium. Such strategy in using exchangeable effector carriers injected from its isogenic sibling or close relatives during T6SS attacks may be a beneficial strategy for agrobacteria to compete in their ecological niche.

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Agrobacterium-Mediated Plant Transformation: Biology and Applications

Cited by 232 publications

References 372 publications

Ascertaining the Paradigm of Secondary Metabolism Enhancement through Gene Level Modification in Therapeutic Plants

Ascertaining the Paradigm of Secondary Metabolism Enhancement through Gene Level Modification in Therapeutic Plants

Agrobacterium VirE3 Uses Its Two Tandem Domains at the C-Terminus to Retain Its Companion VirE2 on the Cytoplasmic Side of the Host Plasma Membrane

Redundancy and specificity of type VI secretion vgrG loci in antibacterial activity of Agrobacterium tumefaciens 1D1609 strain

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