AirPollution ProblemsandControl Programsin the United States

Schueneman, Jean J.

doi:10.1080/00022470.1963.10468153

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…As industrialization and urbanization continues to advance, global increase in industrial processes and energy consumption results in burning a large amount of fossil fuel including gasoline, coal and natural gas. These activities are continuing to release toxic pollutants into the air we breathe [15]. Despite the significant effort to achieve cleaner air following the Clean Air Act in 1970 in the USA [16], air pollution remains a significant public health problem [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health effects of air pollution on length of respiratory cancer survival

Kan

et al. 2013

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundAir pollution has been extensively and consistently linked with mortality. However, no study has investigated the health effects of air pollution on length of survival among diagnosed respiratory cancer patients.MethodsIn this study, we conducted a population-based study to investigate if air pollution exposure has adverse effects on survival time of respiratory cancer cases in Los Angeles (LA), CA and Honolulu, HI. We selected all White respiratory cancer patients in the two study areas from the 1992–2008 Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results cancer data. Death from respiratory cancer and length of survival were the main outcomes.ResultsKaplan-Meier survival analysis shows that all respiratory cancer cases exposed to high air pollution referring to the individuals from LA had a significantly shorter survival time than the low pollution exposure group referring to those from Honolulu without adjusting for other covariates (p <0.0001). Moreover, the results from the Cox Proportional-Hazards models suggest that exposure to particles less than 10 micrometers in diameter (PM10) was associated with an increased risk of cancer death (HR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.44-1.52 per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10) after adjusting for demographic factors and cancer characteristics. Similar results were observed for particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter and ozone.ConclusionOur study indicates that air pollution may have deleterious effects on the length of survival among White respiratory cancer patients. This study calls for attention to preventive effort from air pollution for this susceptible population in standard cancer patient care. The findings from this study warrant further investigation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health effects of air pollution on length of respiratory cancer survival

Kan

et al. 2013

BMC Public Health

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“…There were roughly 160 full-time and 30 part-time personnel working in state control programs in 1961. 1 This compares with 400 full-time and 80 part-time personnel estimated for 1965 2 and approximately 475 full-time and 100 part-time personnel in 1967. 3 The number of full-time personnel in state programs increased at an average annual rate of roughly 40% in the period 1961 to 1965 but only about 10% in the period 1965 to 1967.…”

Section: Current Manpower Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…There were about 800 full-time and 200 part-time personnel employed in local control programs in 1961. 4 Available data indicate that there were roughly 1200 full-time and 300 part-time personnel employed in 1965. 5 This compares with an estimated total of 1300 full-time and 350 part-time personnel employed in all control agencies in 1967.° The total number of full-time personnel employed in local control agencies increased at an average annual rate of about 13% in the period 1961 to 1965 but only about 5% in the period 1965 to 1967.…”

Section: Current Manpower Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

State and Local Manpower Resources and Requirements for Air Pollution Control

Cluster

1969

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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“…In 1950, there were about 44.5 million people living in these high density areas. By 1960, this number increased to 62.8 million in 22 areas in the United States ( 26 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer in an Historic Washington DC African American Population and Its Geospatial Distribution

Jackson

Mohammed

et al. 2018

Front. Oncol.

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Background: Cancer continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the African American community but insights into the types and incidence of cancer 85 years ago have been virtually non-existent and little is known of its geospatial distribution. Historical information on cancer can shed light on current health disparities, particularly among African Americans.Objective: The aims of this study were to: (1) assess the frequencies of the cancer types present among Cobb Collection individuals; (2) compare these data with current research on cancer in African Americans; and (3) evaluate the pattern of cancer expression, including its geospatial distributions, as a cause of death between 1931 and 1969 in an historic African American subgroup and compare this pattern with the historic and contemporary patterns of cancer etiology and incidence.Methods: Systematic assessments of the existing clinical, demographic, and anatomical records in the Cobb Research Laboratory were made of individuals identified as dying from specific cancers from 1931 to 1969. These were compared with the national profiles of cancer during the historic time an individual died as well as the contemporary patterns of cancer deaths. Analysis of their residential addresses just prior to death were assessed using a commercial geographic information system. Each location was assigned a geospatial location and proximity between each site and clusters of sites were investigated.Results: Seventeen different cancer types were found within 28 individuals of the Cobb Collection between 1931 and 1969. The cancer types with the highest frequencies were carcinoma of stomach, lung, esophagus, larynx and bronchogenic carcinoma. Eighty-four percent of all cancer incidents occurred in males and 76% were among individuals identified as African American. Seventy-one percent of the highest incidence cancers were among African American males. Geospatial clustering was observed most noticeably in the redistribution of carcinoma of the esophagus.Conclusion: Our results provide historical depth to our knowledge of the common cancer causes of morbidity among African Americans of Washington DC from 1931 to 1969. We contrast these findings with national historical data on cancer etiology and ethnic disparities in incidence. Our study suggests that historic data can provide longitudinal depth to our understanding of the persistence of cancer susceptibilities in a vulnerable subgroup.

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AirPollution ProblemsandControl Programsin the United States

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Health effects of air pollution on length of respiratory cancer survival

Health effects of air pollution on length of respiratory cancer survival

State and Local Manpower Resources and Requirements for Air Pollution Control

Cancer in an Historic Washington DC African American Population and Its Geospatial Distribution

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