AJRCCM: 100-Year Anniversary.The Shifting Landscape for Lung Cancer: Past, Present, and Future

Abstract

The past century has witnessed a transformative shift in lung cancer from a rare reportable disease to the leading cause of cancer death among men and women worldwide. This historic shift reflects the increase in tobacco consumption worldwide, spurring public health efforts over the past several decades directed at tobacco cessation and control. Although most lung cancers are still diagnosed at a late stage, there have been significant advances in screening high-risk smokers, diagnostic modalities, and chemopreventive approaches. Improvements in surgery and radiation are advancing our ability to manage early-stage disease, particularly among patients considered unfit for traditional open resection. Arguably, the most dramatic progress has occurred on the therapeutic side, with the development of targeted and immune-based therapy over the past decade. This article reviews the major shifts in the lung cancer landscape over the past 100 years. Although many ongoing clinical challenges remain, this review will also highlight emerging molecular and imaging-based approaches that represent opportunities to transform the prevention, early detection, and treatment of lung cancer in the years ahead.

Results of a Phase II Placebo-controlled Randomized Discontinuation Trial of Cabozantinib in Patients with Non–small-cell Lung Carcinoma

“…The notion that cabozantinib may be active in patients harboring KRAS mutations is important, as effective targeted therapy options are limited in these patients. 4,37 Cabozantinib has been shown to increase the hemoglobin levels in patients with prostate cancer and ovarian cancer. 30,33 Here, we report that cabozantinib was found to increase hemoglobin levels in patients with NSCLC as well.…”

“…1 Mutations in KRAS and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are common oncogenic drivers for NSCLC, whereas other less frequent drivers include mutations, rearrangements and gene fusions involving ALK, BRAF, RET, or ROS1. [2][3][4] Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting EGFR, ALK, BRAF, and ROS1 have improved disease management; nonetheless, patients typically acquire resistance against these targeted therapies in 6 to 12 months. [4][5][6][7][8] MET activation has been implicated in the development of EGFR TKI resistance in NSCLC.…”

“…[2][3][4] Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting EGFR, ALK, BRAF, and ROS1 have improved disease management; nonetheless, patients typically acquire resistance against these targeted therapies in 6 to 12 months. [4][5][6][7][8] MET activation has been implicated in the development of EGFR TKI resistance in NSCLC. 9,10 In preclinical models of the disease, EGFR TKI resistance was mitigated via combined inhibition of EGFR and MET, 9 whereas in a phase II study with EGFR TKI-resistant patients, capmatinib, a MET TKI, in combination with gefitinib, showed an overall disease control rate of 80% (NCT01610336).…”

Comparison of the benefits of celecoxib combined with anticancer therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis

“…Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) makes up >75% of all lung cancer cases, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 20%; therefore, NSCLC is the focus of most lung cancer studies. 1,2 The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommends platinum-based chemotherapy as the Ivyspring International Publisher first-line agent for patients with advanced NSCLC with non-driver genes. 3 However, chemotherapy for patients with advanced NSCLC is unsatisfactory due to potential complications and suboptimal survival rates.…”

Heart rate variability and heart rate recovery in lung cancer survivors eligible for long-term cure

“…Lung cancer is the second-most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States (US) (Siegel et al, 2018). The number of lung cancer survivors is increasing partly due to advances in therapy and possibly screening (Vachani et al, 2017). Lung cancer survivors suffer from the negative health consequences associated with aging, health behaviors, comorbidities, and/or lung cancer and its treatment (Pozo et al, 2014).…”