Allium stipitatum Extract Exhibits In Vivo Antibacterial Activity against Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Accelerates Burn Wound Healing in a Full‐Thickness Murine Burn Model

Abstract

The in vivo antibacterial and burn wound healing potency of Persian shallot bulbs (Allium stipitatum) were explored in a mice burn model infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Hexane (ASHE) and dichloromethane (ASDE) extracts were tested. Female BALB/c mice were inflicted with third-degree thermal injury followed by infection with MRSA. ASHE and ASDE formulated with simple ointment base (SOB) at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 5% (w/w) were topically applied to burn wounds twice a day for 20 days. Silver sulfadiazine (1%) served as drug positive control. Microbiological analysis was carried out on 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days postwounding (dpw) and histopathological analysis at the end of the experiment (20 dpw). Both ointments demonstrated strong antibacterial activity with complete elimination of MRSA at 48–72 h after infection. The rate of wound contraction was higher (95–100%) in mice groups treated with ASHE and ASDE ointments after 15 dpw. Histological analysis revealed significant increase (p < 0.05) in epithelialization and collagenation in treated groups. The ASHE and ASDE were found to be relatively noncytotoxic and safe to Vero cell line (383.4 μg mL−1; 390.6 μg mL−1), suggesting the extracts as safe topical antibacterial as well as promising alternatives in managing thermal injuries.

Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Nonpolar Extracts of Allium stipitatum Regel. against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

“…The presence of allicin in the bulbs of A. hirtifolium (also known as Persian shallot locally) has been demonstrated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) methods [ 20 ]. In our earlier investigation on the in vivo antibacterial and burn wound healing properties of A. stipitatum , both ASHE and ASDE were subjected to gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis [ 24 ]. Although the antibacterial compound allicin was not detected in the GC-MS analysis, several sulfur-containing compounds including S -methyl methanethiosulfonate, 2,4,5-trithiahexane, 2,4-dithiapentane, 2-pyridinethione, and methane (chloromethylthio) (methylthio) were detected in our recently published work [ 24 ].…”

“…In our earlier investigation on the in vivo antibacterial and burn wound healing properties of A. stipitatum , both ASHE and ASDE were subjected to gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis [ 24 ]. Although the antibacterial compound allicin was not detected in the GC-MS analysis, several sulfur-containing compounds including S -methyl methanethiosulfonate, 2,4,5-trithiahexane, 2,4-dithiapentane, 2-pyridinethione, and methane (chloromethylthio) (methylthio) were detected in our recently published work [ 24 ]. Similar components were also reported in the hydromethanolic extract of A. hirtifolium as detected by GMCS [ 21 ].…”

“…The plates were incubated at 37°C and the inhibition zones were measured after 24 h incubation. The MICs and MBCs of ASHE and ASDE were determined by broth microdilution method and spread plate technique, respectively, by following the previously described methods [ 24 , 26 ].…”

“…Several studies performed on A. stipitatum elucidated its antibacterial, antiproliferative, anthelmintic, antiprotozoal, immunomodulatory, and wound healing properties [ 18 – 23 ]. Moreover, in our recent study, we have shown that A. stipitatum exerts anti-MRSA and wound healing activity in a mouse model of burn wound and infection [ 24 ]. We have also reported that both the extracts were relatively noncytotoxic towards mammalian cells and effective in eradicating MRSA colonized in thermal wounds.…”

Antibacterial Resistance Pattern of Acinetobacter baumannii in Burn Patients in Northeast of Iran

“…Burn injury is a common form of injury across the world, statistically more common in non-developed countries due to less preventing strategies (1). Despite remarkable advances in the management of burn injuries, infection is still a considerable problem.…”