Alpinia officinarum Hance Essential Oil as Potent Antipseudomonal Agent: Chemical Profile, Antibacterial Activity, and Computational Study

Abstract

Alpinia officinarum Hance, is an aromatic and medicinal herb with a very interesting history and prominent chemical and biological prospects. We aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of Alpinia officinarum essential oil and the preferred molecular targets of its constituents together with their pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity profile. According to GC‐MS analysis, eucalyptol was the main compound (27.52%) identified in Alpinia officinarum essential oil, followed by α‐terpineol, and β‐sesquiphellandrene. As opposed to the weak antiradical activity estimated by DPPH and ABTS tests, the essential oil caused inhibition of all the bacteria following well‐diffusion and microdilution methods, especially the gram‐negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. It displayed exceptionally remarkable activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by totally inhibiting its growth on the agar plate exceeding the effect of chloramphenicol standard. This bactericidal effect was confirmed by very low MIC and MBC values of 0.82 and 6.562 µg/mL, respectively. The molecular docking showed interesting binding affinity between the major compounds and various drug targets in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, also good pharmacokinetic and toxicity behavior. These encouraging findings are particularly relevant in light of the increasingly pressing challenge to find alternative substances with antibacterial aptitude to address the issue of antibiotic resistance among infectious bacteria.