Alpinia pricei Rhizome Extracts Induce Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Squamous Carcinoma KB Cells and Suppress Tumor Growth in Nude Mice

Abstract

Alpinia pricei has been shown to induce apoptosis in human squamous carcinoma (KB) cells. In this study, we report the effectiveness of the ethanol (70%) extracts of A. pricei rhizome (AP extracts) in terms of tumor regression as determined using both in vitro cell culture and in vivo athymic nude mice models of KB cells. We found that the AP extract (25–200 μg/mL) treatment decreased the proliferation of KB cells by arresting progression through the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. This cell cycle blockade was associated with reductions in cyclin A and B1, Cdc2, and Cdc25C, and increased p21/WAF1, Wee1, p53 and phospho-p53 (p-p53) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, we found that AP extract treatment decreased metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA) expression, while expression of their endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 (TIMP-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), were increased in KB cells. Furthermore, AP extract treatment effectively delayed tumor incidence in nude mice inoculated with KB cells and reduced the tumor burden. AP extract treatment also induced apoptotic DNA fragmentation, as detected by in situ TUNEL staining. Thus, A. pricei may possess antitumor activity in human squamous carcinoma (KB) cells.

Investigating the antioxidant and anticytotoxic activities of propolis collected from five regions of Indonesia and their abilities to induce apoptosis

“…The 70% ethanol was capable to extract the flavonoid as the important compounds in propolis. The 70% ethanol is semipolar solvent which can extract all active components with different polarity in the propolis (Cunha et al, 2004;Hasan et al,2006) and the optimum conditions for extracting flavonoid for Alpinia pricei rhizome (Hseu et al, 2011).…”

Inhibitory effects of Physalis angulata on tumor metastasis and angiogenesis

“…Metastasis of tumor cells involves multiple processes and various cytophysiological changes, including changes in adhesion between cells and the extracellular matrix that leads abnormal intercellular interactions (Hseu et al, 2009). Thus, the degradation of ECM and components of the basement membrane, caused by the concerted action of proteinases, such as PA and MMPs, plays a critical role in tumor invasion and metastasis (Hseu et al, 2009;Kessenbrock et al, 2010). Among these enzymes, MMP-9, MMP-2, and u-PA that degrade the basal membrane components and are known to be deeply involved in cancer metastasis (Yang et al, 2005;Hseu et al, 2009).…”

“…Thus, the degradation of ECM and components of the basement membrane, caused by the concerted action of proteinases, such as PA and MMPs, plays a critical role in tumor invasion and metastasis (Hseu et al, 2009;Kessenbrock et al, 2010). Among these enzymes, MMP-9, MMP-2, and u-PA that degrade the basal membrane components and are known to be deeply involved in cancer metastasis (Yang et al, 2005;Hseu et al, 2009). Therefore, the inhibition of migration/invasion mediated by MMPs and/or u-PA could be a potential method to prevent or inhibit cancer metastasis (Bjorklund and Koivunen, 2005).…”

High Antitumor Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Papua

“…It was reported that HeLa cell line marker chromosomes have identified in the KB cell line, and through DNA fingerprinting, KB cells are now thought to have been produced due to HeLa cell contamination. 3 Myrmecodia tuberosa (M. tuberosa) are plants that are attached to other plants (epiphyte) and thrived in the highlands of Wamena, Papua, Indonesia. Originally, M. tuberosa was introduced in the inland of Papua, and commonly used as a medicine by local residents.…”