<i>Alu</i>insertion polymorphisms in Native Americans and related Asian populations

Battilana, Jaqueline; Fagundes, Nelson J. R.; Heller, Ana Helena; Goldani, Ângela; Freitas, Loreta B.; Tarazona‐Santos, Eduardo; Munkhbat, Batmunkh; Munkhtuvshin, Namid; Krylov, M; Benevolenskaia, L I; Arnett, Frank C.; Batzer, Mark A.; Deininger, Prescott L.; Salzano, Francisco M.; Bonatto, Sandro L.

doi:10.1080/03014460500487347

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This result nevertheless suggests a late, postglacial maximum colonization of the Americas, which is in better agreement with the estimates of Ϸ14 Kya based on the Y chromosome (27) than on those of Ϸ30 Kya based on mtDNA control region (28). The estimated founder population size for America is about six times larger than that recently proposed by Hey (29), who suggested that Ͻ80 effective individuals would have colonized the Americas, but a moderate bottleneck for the settlement of the New World agrees with recent results from nuclear loci (30) and with previous mtDNA studies (28). Differences in sampling design and marker choice between studies could explain this discrepancy: Although our study is based on a homogeneous set of 50 nuclear loci genotyped in the same individuals, the former study (29) used a mixture of fewer autosomal, X-linked, and uniparentally inherited markers assessed on a very heterogeneous set of individuals and sample sizes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Statistical evaluation of alternative models of human evolution

Fagundes

Ray

Beaumont

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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An appropriate model of recent human evolution is not only important to understand our own history, but it is necessary to disentangle the effects of demography and selection on genome diversity. Although most genetic data support the view that our species originated recently in Africa, it is still unclear if it completely replaced former members of the Homo genus, or if some interbreeding occurred during its range expansion. Several scenarios of modern human evolution have been proposed on the basis of molecular and paleontological data, but their likelihood has never been statistically assessed. Using DNA data from 50 nuclear loci sequenced in African, Asian and Native American samples, we show here by extensive simulations that a simple African replacement model with exponential growth has a higher probability (78%) as compared with alternative multiregional evolution or assimilation scenarios. A Bayesian analysis of the data under this best supported model points to an origin of our species Ϸ141 thousand years ago (Kya), an exit out-of-Africa Ϸ51 Kya, and a recent colonization of the Americas Ϸ10.5 Kya. We also find that the African replacement model explains not only the shallow ancestry of mtDNA or Y-chromosomes but also the occurrence of deep lineages at some autosomal loci, which has been formerly interpreted as a sign of interbreeding with Homo erectus.Bayesian analysis ͉ DNA nuclear data ͉ multiregional hypothesis ͉ out of Africa hypothesis

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Statistical evaluation of alternative models of human evolution

Fagundes

Ray

Beaumont

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

545

520

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“…This finding may indicate that the modern genetic analogue, the Pima, was not representative of the older morphological sample from Grand Gulch, Utah. Alternatively, the marked genetic differentiation of the Pima sample may be the result of the extreme bottle-necking hypothesized to have occurred during the migration of early Americans to the New World (Szathmary, 1993;Santos et al, 1995;Monsalve et al, 1999;Bortolini et al, 2002;Battilana et al, 2006). While neutral molecular markers may drift unchecked, the cranium is likely to be under some degree of stabilizing selection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Genetic, geographic, and environmental correlates of human temporal bone variation

Smith¹,

Terhune²,

Lockwood³

2007

American J Phys Anthropol

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Temporal bone shape has been shown to reflect molecular phylogenetic relationships among hominoids and offers significant morphological detail for distinguishing taxa. Although it is generally accepted that temporal bone shape, like other aspects of morphology, has an underlying genetic component, the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors is unclear. To determine the impact of genetic differentiation and environmental variation on temporal bone morphology, we used three-dimensional geometric morphometric techniques to evaluate temporal bone variation in 11 modern human populations. Population differences were investigated by discriminant function analysis, and the strength of the relationships between morphology, neutral molecular distance, geographic distribution, and environmental variables were assessed by matrix correlation comparisons. Significant differences were found in temporal bone shape among all populations, and classification rates using cross-validation were relatively high. Comparisons of morphological distances to molecular distances based on short tandem repeats (STRs) revealed a significant correlation between temporal bone shape and neutral molecular distance among Old World populations, but not when Native Americans were included. Further analyses suggested a similar pattern for morphological variation and geographic distribution. No significant correlations were found between temporal bone shape and environmental variables: temperature, annual rainfall, latitude, or altitude. Significant correlations were found between temporal bone size and both temperature and latitude, presumably reflecting Bergmann's rule. Thus, temporal bone morphology appears to partially follow an isolation by distance model of evolution among human populations, although levels of correlation show that a substantial component of variation is unexplained by factors considered here.

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“…Others point to Asia (O'Rourke 2009), or East Asia (Bandelt et al 2003;Malhi et al 2007), or northeast Asia (Battilana et al 2006;Fagundes et al 2008), or Mongolia , or the Altai Mountains (Dornelles et al 2005;Santos et al 1999, Starikovskaya et al 2005Zegura et al 2004), or the ''area around Lake Baikal'' (Derenko et al 2001;Eshleman et al 2003). Yet others implicate the Lower Amur/Sea of Okhotsk region (Lell et al 2002;Starikovskaya et al 2005) or western Beringia (Derbeneva et al 2002;Schroeder et al 2007Schroeder et al , 2009Tamm et al 2007).…”

Section: Geographic Origins Of the First Americans From A Genetic Permentioning

confidence: 98%

A Tale of Two Migrations: Reconciling Recent Biological and Archaeological Evidence for the Pleistocene Peopling of the Americas

Pitblado

2011

J Archaeol Res

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This article synthesizes the 2000s-era ''peopling of the Americas'' data drawn from molecular biology, osteology, and archaeology. Collectively, they suggest that colonization proceeded in two pulses, both originating in western Beringia, and before that, south-central and southeastern Siberia. The first pulse occurred circa 16 k-15 k cal. B.P. by watercraft along the coast of Beringia and western North and South America. The second took place 1,000 years later and involved proto-Clovis hunter-gatherers who used the ice-free corridor as a conduit south. At least eight North American sites dating as far back as the Last Glacial Maximum suggest that the peopling picture may eventually need to change to accommodate an earlier than previously thought migration through the ice-free corridor. For now, the data are not strong enough to support this scenario, but they are tantalizingly close.

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Aluinsertion polymorphisms in Native Americans and related Asian populations

Abstract: The answers to the questions are: (a) yes; and (b) an initial moderate bottleneck, intensified by more recent historical events (isolation and inbreeding), can explain the current Amerindian pattern of diversity.

Cited by 33 publications

References 39 publications

Statistical evaluation of alternative models of human evolution

Statistical evaluation of alternative models of human evolution

Genetic, geographic, and environmental correlates of human temporal bone variation

A Tale of Two Migrations: Reconciling Recent Biological and Archaeological Evidence for the Pleistocene Peopling of the Americas

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