Amomum tsao-ko—Chinese Black Cardamom: Detailed Oil Composition and Comparison With Two Other Cardamom Species

Abstract

Two Chinese black cardamom oils ( Amomum tsao-ko) were analyzed using GC and GC/MS and compared to 2 Indian cardamom oils from the species Amomum subulatum and Elettaria cardamomum, respectively. The main constituents of A. tsao-ko oils were eucalyptol, geranial, geraniol, trans-2,3,3A,7A-tetrahydro-1 H-indene-4-carbaldehyde, (2 E)-decenal, neral, and 4-indanecarbaldehyde. Special attention was given to the 1 H-indene-carbaldehyes, which are frequently wrongly assigned in previous literature. A detailed odor evaluation of the oils was also carried out. In addition, composition variations of 28 main constituents of 8 E. cardamomum oils were investigated, taking various factors like origin, production methods, plant material, and drying stage into consideration.

Assessment of genetic diversity in Amomum tsao-ko Crevost & Lemarié, an important medicine food homologous crop from Southwest China using SRAP and ISSR markers

“…Previous studies have focused on A. tsao-ko as a traditional Chinese medicine and condiment. Researchers have mainly conducted experiments on essential oil extraction, chemical composition analysis, and pharmacological action (Kim et al 2019;Liu et al 2018;Sim et al 2019). However, few reports have highlighted the genetic diversity of A. tsao-ko.…”

Development of 23 novel microsatellite markers of Amomum tsao-ko (Zingiberaceae) based on restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing

“…Crop breeding effectiveness not only depends on the number of germplasm resources but also largely depends on the mastery of genetic characteristics of the diversity of these germplasm resources. Previous studies on A. tsao-ko have primarily concentrated on chemical composition analysis and pharmacological action, and there are few reports on genetic diversity [9][10][11]. Microsatellite markers, also called simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, are effective in estimating genetic diversity and relationships within and among populations, and are widely used in plant genetic research.…”

Monoterpenoids from the Fruits of Amomum tsao-ko Have Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production

“…Amomum is the second largest genus in the Zingiberaceae family, comprising at least 170 species distributed across southeast Asia and northern Australia, in the Afrotropical region of Africa, the Himalayas, and the Central Pacific [ 3 , 4 ]. A perennial herb, Amomum tsao-ko Crevost and Lemarié, is used as a food additive (traditional Chinese spice) and medicine [ 5 , 6 ]. Its dried fruit is commonly used to treat abdominal pain, dyspepsia, malaria, nausea, throat infections, stomach disorders, vomiting, and diarrhea in the traditional medicine system [ 7 ].…”