<i>Anopheles culicifacies</i> sibling species in Odisha, eastern India: First appearance of <i>Anopheles culicifacies</i> E and its vectorial role in malaria transmission

Das, Mumani; Das, Biswadeep; Patra, Aparna; Tripathy, H.K.; Mohapatra, Namita; Kar, Supriya; Hazra, Rupenangshu K.

doi:10.1111/tmi.12112

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…culicifacies and An . fluviatilis in feeding preference, resting behavior and infection rates in different states [ 11 ], [ 12 ], [ 13 ], [ 14 ]. These differences are likely to be due to the fact that these are a complex of sibling species with differing behaviours and vector capacities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Abundance and Plasmodium Infection Rates of Malaria Vectors in and around Jabalpur, a Malaria Endemic Region in Madhya Pradesh State, Central India

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThis study was undertaken in two Primary Health Centers (PHCs) of malaria endemic district Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh (Central India).MethodsIn this study we had investigated the relative frequencies of the different anopheline species collected within the study areas by using indoor resting catches, CDC light trap and human landing methods. Sibling species of malaria vectors were identified by cytogenetic and molecular techniques. The role of each vector and its sibling species in the transmission of the different Plasmodium species was ascertained by using sporozoite ELISA.ResultsA total of 52,857 specimens comprising of 17 anopheline species were collected by three different methods (39,964 by indoor resting collections, 1059 by human landing and 11,834 by CDC light trap). Anopheles culicifacies was most predominant species in all collections (55, 71 and 32% in indoor resting, human landing and light trap collections respectively) followed by An. subpictus and An. annularis. All five sibling species of An. culicifacies viz. species A, B, C, D and E were found while only species T and S of An. fluviatilis were collected. The overall sporozoite rate in An. culicifacies and An. fluviatilis were 0.42% (0.25% for P. falciparum and 0.17% for P. vivax) and 0.90% (0.45% for P. falciparum and 0.45% for P. vivax) respectively. An. culicifacies and An. fluviatilis were found harbouring both P. vivax variants VK-210 and VK-247, and P. falciparum. An. culicifacies sibling species C and D were incriminated as vectors during most part of the year while sibling species T of An. fluviatilis was identified as potential vector in monsoon and post monsoon season.Conclusions An. culicifacies species C (59%) was the most abundant species followed by An. culicifacies D (24%), B (8.7%), E (6.7%) and A (1.5%). Among An. fluviatilis sibling species, species T was common (99%) and only few specimens of S were found. Our study provides crucial information on the prevalence of An. culicifacies and An. fluviatilis sibling species and their potential in malaria transmission which will assist in developing strategic control measures against these vectors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Abundance and Plasmodium Infection Rates of Malaria Vectors in and around Jabalpur, a Malaria Endemic Region in Madhya Pradesh State, Central India

et al. 2015

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“…Species D is sympatric with species A and B in northwestern region, and with species A, B and C in central India and a few areas in southern India. Species E is sympatric with species B in southern Tamil Nadu including Rameshwaram islands and Sri Lanka, and there are reports of expansion of distribution range of species A, D and E in Odisha and that of species E in Madhya Pradesh but these investigations lack the component of chromosome analyses for diagnostic confirmation 53 54 55 . The proportions of sibling species, however, varied in different geographical zones and seasons, e.g.…”

Section: Sibling Species Distribution and Sympatricitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 ). Taking cognizance of the biological differences of sibling species, the rural India is stratified into seven divisions (excluding urban metropolitan cities) for benefit of prioritizing vector control options ( Table III ) 53 54 55 56 57 .…”

Section: Vector Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biology & control of Anopheles culicifacies Giles 1901

Dev

2015

Indian Journal of Medical Research

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Malaria epidemiology is complex due to multiplicity of disease vectors, sibling species complex and variations in bionomical characteristics, vast varied terrain, various ecological determinants. There are six major mosquito vector taxa in India, viz. Anopheles culicifacies, An. fluviatilis, An. stephensi, An. minimus, An. dirus and An. sundaicus. Among these, An. culicifacies is widely distributed and considered the most important vector throughout the plains and forests of India for generating bulk of malaria cases (>60% annually). Major malaria epidemics are caused by An. culicifaices. It is also the vector of tribal malaria except parts of Odisha and Northeastern States of India. An. culicifacies has been the cause of perennial malaria transmission in forests, and over the years penetrated the deforested areas of Northeast. An. culicifacies participates in malaria transmission either alone or along with An. stephensi or An. fluviatilis. The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) spends about 80 per cent malaria control budget annually in the control of An. culicifacies, yet it remains one of the most formidable challenges in India. With recent advances in molecular biology there has been a significant added knowledge in understanding the biology, ecology, genetics and response to interventions, requiring stratification for cost-effective and sustainable malaria control. Research leading to newer interventions that are evidence-based, community oriented and sustainable would be useful in tackling the emerging challenges in malaria control. Current priority areas of research should include in-depth vector biology and control in problem pockets, preparation of malaria-risk maps for focused and selective interventions, monitoring insecticide resistance, cross-border initiative and data sharing, and coordinated control efforts for achieving transmission reduction, and control of drug-resistant malaria. The present review on An. culicifacies provides updated information on vector biology and control outlining thrust areas of research.

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“…In Odisha, recent findings revealed invasion by An. culicifacies sibling species ‘A’, ‘D’ and ‘E’ (the latter species being the most efficient vector of the complex), in addition to prevalent species ‘B’ and ‘C’ amounting to added transmission [73, 74]. It was observed that given the population diminution in human dwellings (indoors), An.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology, distribution and control of Anopheles (Cellia) minimus in the context of malaria transmission in northeastern India

Dev

Manguin

2016

Parasites Vectors

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Among six dominant mosquito vector species involved in malaria transmission in India, Anopheles minimus is a major species in northeast India and held responsible for focal disease outbreaks characterized by high-rise of Plasmodium falciparum infections and attributable death cases. It has been now genetically characterized that among the three-member species of the Minimus Complex spread in Asia, An. minimus (former species A) is prevalent in India including northeastern states and east-central state of Odisha. It is recorded in all seasons and accounts for perennial transmission evidenced by records of sporozoite infections. This species is highly anthropophilic, and largely endophilic and endophagic, recorded breeding throughout the year in slow flowing seepage water streams. The populations of An. minimus in India are reported to be highly diverse indicating population expansion with obvious implications for judicious application of vector control interventions. Given the rapid ecological changes due to deforestation, population migration and expansion and developmental activities, there is scope for further research on the existence of potential additional sibling species within the An. minimus complex and bionomics studies on a large geographical scale for species sanitation. For control of vector populations, DDT continues to be applied on account of retaining susceptibility status even after decades of residual spraying. Anopheles minimus is a highly adaptive species and requires continuous and sustained efforts for its effective control to check transmission and spread of drug-resistant malaria. Anopheles minimus populations are reportedly diminishing in northeastern India whereas it has staged comeback in east-central State of Odisha after decades of disappearance with its eco-biological characteristics intact. It is the high time to siege the opportunity for strengthening interventions against this species for its population diminution to sub-optimal levels for reducing transmission in achieving malaria elimination by target date of 2030.

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Anopheles culicifacies sibling species in Odisha, eastern India: First appearance of Anopheles culicifacies E and its vectorial role in malaria transmission

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Relative Abundance and Plasmodium Infection Rates of Malaria Vectors in and around Jabalpur, a Malaria Endemic Region in Madhya Pradesh State, Central India

Relative Abundance and Plasmodium Infection Rates of Malaria Vectors in and around Jabalpur, a Malaria Endemic Region in Madhya Pradesh State, Central India

Biology & control of Anopheles culicifacies Giles 1901

Biology, distribution and control of Anopheles (Cellia) minimus in the context of malaria transmission in northeastern India

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