Anopheles kleini,Anopheles pullus, andAnopheles sinensis: Potential Vectors ofPlasmodium vivaxin the Republic of Korea

Lee, Won-Ja; Klein, Terry A.; Kim, Heung-Chul; Choi, You Yeon; Yoon, Seok-Hyun; Chang, Kyu‐Sik; Chong, Sung-Tae; Lee, In-Yong; Jones, James W.; Jacobs, Jolanta S.; Sattabongkot, Jetsumon; Park, Jae Sun

doi:10.1093/jmedent/44.6.1086

Cited by 35 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…lesteri, and An. yatsushiroensis are vector mosquitoes in Korea (Ree et al 1967;Shin et al 2002;Lee et al 2007). However, the susceptibility of different mosquitoes to the subtypes of P. vivax is not well known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular cloning and expression of the VK247 circumsporozoite protein for serodiagnosis of variant form Plasmodium vivax

Kim

Lee

et al. 2011

Parasitol Res

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Plasmodium vivax is classified into two serotypes, VK210 [the dominant form-GDRA(D/A)GQPA repeats] and VK247 [the variant form-ANGA(G/D)(N/D)QPG repeats], based on sequence variation of the repeat region of the circumsporozoite (CS) protein gene. Genomic DNA for the variant CS protein gene was obtained from field isolate strains in Myanmar. The repetitive region has highly 19 immunogenic repeats flanked by non-repeat stretches of amino acids. The sequence including this region (717 bp) was subcloned into the expression vector pQE30 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The expressed recombinant protein has a molecular weight of about 50 kDa as analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. Anti-VK247 antibodies were found in malaria patients who have been exposed to variant form of P. vivax in western blot analysis. Therefore, this recombinant protein might be a useful tool in serodiagnosis of malaria patients who have been infected with variant form of P. vivax.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular cloning and expression of the VK247 circumsporozoite protein for serodiagnosis of variant form Plasmodium vivax

Kim

Lee

et al. 2011

Parasitol Res

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“…However, a malaria vaccine is not yet available (PATH 2009). Of the eight anopheline mosquito species in South Korea (Joshi et al 2009), Anopheles kleini Rueda, Anopheles pullus M. Yamada, and Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann are considered as the primary vectors of P. vivax malaria near the Korean Demilitarized Zone (Lee et al 2007). In particular, An.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhanced Toxicity of Binary Mixtures ofBacillus thuringiensissubsp.israelensisand Three Essential Oil Major Constituents to WildAnopheles sinensis(Diptera: Culicidae) andAedes albopictus(Diptera: Culicidae)

Chang¹,

Shin²,

Yoo³

et al. 2014

J Med Entomol

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An assessment was made of the toxicity of 12 insecticides and three essential oils as well as Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) alone or in combination with the oil major constituents (E)-anethole (AN), (E) -cinnamaldehyde (CA), and eugenol (EU; 1:1 ratio) to third instars of bamboo forest-collected Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and rice paddy field-collected Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann. An. sinensis larvae were resistant to various groups of the tested insecticides. Based on 24-h LC50 values, binary mixtures of Bti and CA, AN, or EU were significantly more toxic against Ae. albopictus larvae (0.0084, 0.0134, and 0.0237 mg/liter) and An. sinensis larvae (0.0159, 0.0388, and 0.0541 mg/liter) than either Bti (1.7884 and 2.1681 mg/liter) or CA (11.46 and 18.56 mg/liter), AN (16.66 and 25.11 mg/liter), or EU (24.60 and 31.09 mg/liter) alone. As judged by cotoxicity coefficient (CC) and synergistic factor (SF), the three binary mixtures operated in a synergy pattern (CC, 140.7-368.3 and SF, 0.0007-0.0010 for Ae. albopictus; CC, 75.1-245.3 and SF, 0.0008-0.0017 for An. sinensis). Global efforts to reduce the level of highly toxic synthetic insecticides in the aquatic environment justify further studies on the binary mixtures of Bti and essential oil constituents described, in particular CA, as potential larvicides for the control of malaria vector mosquito populations.

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“…5 Plasmodium vivax malaria rapidly increased to a high of 4,142 cases by 2000, before declining to 864 cases by 2004. 2,[6][7][8][9][10][11] Malaria steadily increased to 2,227 cases by 2007, but decreased to 811 by 2011. 11 Although Anopheles spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preliminary data also suggests that An. kleini may be a principal vector of P. vivax malaria near the DMZ, 10 as laboratory studies found that An. kleini produced many sporozoites.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito Species Composition and Plasmodium vivax infection Rates for Korean Army Bases near the Demilitarized Zone in the Republic of Korea, 2011

Yoo

Shin²,

Park³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Vivax malaria is a significant military and civilian health threat in northern Republic of Korea (ROK). Mosquito collections were performed at two ROK army installations, Paju near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) using black light traps in 2011. The DMZ, a 4 km wide border, is the northernmost point of the ROK and separates the ROK from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). Anopheles spp. were identified by polymerase chain reaction and screened for Plasmodium vivax sporozoites. Of 4,354 female Anopheles mosquitoes identified, Anopheles kleini (61.8%) was the most frequently collected, followed by Anopheles pullus (16.0%), Anopheles belenrae (9.0%), Anopheles sinensis (7.4%), Anopheles sineroides (4.2%), and Anopheles lesteri (1.6%). Anopheles kleini, An. pullus, and An. sineroides showed the highest population densities in June, whereas population densities were highest for An. belenrae, An. lesteri, and An. sinensis in August. The maximum likelihood estimation (estimated number of positive mosquitoes/1,000) for P. vivax was highest for An. lesteri (28.9), followed by An. sineroides (23.3), An. belenrae (15.8), An. sinensis (9.6), An. pullus (5.8) and An. kleini (4.2). The seasonal maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) values were variable among Anopheles species. Anopheles belenrae, An. Pullus, and An. sineroides showed the highest seasonal MLE's in July, whereas An. lesteri and An. sinensis exhibited the highest seasonal MLEs in September and An. kleini during August. This is the first report implicating An. sineroides as a vector of P. vivax in the ROK, and extends our knowledge of the distribution and potential role in malaria transmission.In the Republic of Korea (ROK, South Korea), Plasmodium vivax malaria has been endemic for centuries.1,2 In the 1960s and 1970s, active and passive vivax malaria case detection and vector control, which included extensive use of pesticides, were combined in an ambitious eradication project by the ROK government.1 In the mid-1970s, indigenous transmission cases of malaria were greatly reduced and in 1979, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the ROK as a malariafree zone.3,4 Plasmodium vivax malaria reemerged when two cases were reported in northwestern Gyeonggi Province near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) in 1993.5 Plasmodium vivax malaria rapidly increased to a high of 4,142 cases by 2000, before declining to 864 cases by 2004.2,6-11 Malaria steadily increased to 2,227 cases by 2007, but decreased to 811 by 2011. 11Although Anopheles spp. populations are high throughout the ROK, the primary malaria threat has remained in northern Gyeonggi Province near the DMZ where transmission rates are high. [12][13][14] Reasons for the concentration of malaria along the DMZ are not well understood, although WHO reported that a malaria epidemic occurred in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK, North Korea) shortly after the first case of malaria was reported in 1993 near the DMZ in the ROK, suggesting a parallel outbreak occurred in both countries. 15...

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Anopheles kleini,Anopheles pullus, andAnopheles sinensis: Potential Vectors ofPlasmodium vivaxin the Republic of Korea

Cited by 35 publications

References 18 publications

Molecular cloning and expression of the VK247 circumsporozoite protein for serodiagnosis of variant form Plasmodium vivax

Molecular cloning and expression of the VK247 circumsporozoite protein for serodiagnosis of variant form Plasmodium vivax

Enhanced Toxicity of Binary Mixtures ofBacillus thuringiensissubsp.israelensisand Three Essential Oil Major Constituents to WildAnopheles sinensis(Diptera: Culicidae) andAedes albopictus(Diptera: Culicidae)

Mosquito Species Composition and Plasmodium vivax infection Rates for Korean Army Bases near the Demilitarized Zone in the Republic of Korea, 2011

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