<i>Artemisia annua</i> L. and Its Derivatives: Their Antiviral Effects on COVID-19 and Possible Mechanisms

Ahmad, Iftekhar; Ali, Rahman; Lopes, Monyck Jeane dos Santos; Steinmetz, Carl H.D.; Haq, Faiz Ul

doi:10.14218/jerp.2021.00034

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Of interest, Wambier and Goren reported that androgens could upregulate the expressions of TMPRSS2 protein and ACE2 receptor [133]. Artemisinin can induce androgen receptor degradation and can disrupt the androgen response [134]; therefore, it might limit the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in sensitive cells, and thus inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection [135]. CD147, a transmembrane glycoprotein, can increase the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and proinflammatory cytokines [136].…”

Section: Brief Description Of Sars-cov-2 Genome and Possible Targets ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CD147, a transmembrane glycoprotein, can increase the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and proinflammatory cytokines [136]. Artemisinin at 20-80 µg/mL inhibited the expression of CD147 [136], suggesting that it might also be effective [135].…”

Section: Brief Description Of Sars-cov-2 Genome and Possible Targets ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that A. annua, possessing potent antioxidant activity, and its constituents, such as artemisitene, can activate Nrf2 signaling that suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation [137,140]. Interestingly, artesunate has been shown to be a promising agent for improving lung fibrosis by inhibiting the activity of profibrotic molecules [135,141].…”

Section: Brief Description Of Sars-cov-2 Genome and Possible Targets ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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RETRACTED: Artemisia Extracts and Artemisinin-Based Antimalarials for COVID-19 Management: Could These Be Effective Antivirals for COVID-19 Treatment?

Agrawal¹,

Agrawal²,

Blunden

2022

Molecules

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As the world desperately searches for ways to treat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a growing number of people are turning to herbal remedies. The Artemisia species, such as A. annua and A. afra, in particular, exhibit positive effects against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19 related symptoms. A. annua is a source of artemisinin, which is active against malaria, and also exhibits potential for other diseases. This has increased interest in artemisinin’s potential for drug repurposing. Artemisinin-based combination therapies, so-called ACTs, have already been recognized as first-line treatments against malaria. Artemisia extract, as well as ACTs, have demonstrated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. Artemisinin and its derivatives have also shown anti-inflammatory effects, including inhibition of interleukin-6 (IL-6) that plays a key role in the development of severe COVID-19. There is now sufficient evidence in the literature to suggest the effectiveness of Artemisia, its constituents and/or artemisinin derivatives, to fight against the SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibiting its invasion, and replication, as well as reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and mitigating lung damage.

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Section: Brief Description Of Sars-cov-2 Genome and Possible Targets ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brief Description Of Sars-cov-2 Genome and Possible Targets ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brief Description Of Sars-cov-2 Genome and Possible Targets ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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RETRACTED: Artemisia Extracts and Artemisinin-Based Antimalarials for COVID-19 Management: Could These Be Effective Antivirals for COVID-19 Treatment?

Agrawal¹,

Agrawal²,

Blunden

2022

Molecules

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show abstract

“…The plant extract showed significant activity against the SARS coronavirus that occurred in 2002, and it was selected for its significant inhibitory effect among 200 Chinese medicinal herbs screened for antiviral activities against SARS-CoV ( 23 ). Some studies have also reported the in vitro inhibitory activity of Artemisia annua against SARS-CoV-2 and most of these studies have focused mainly on the artemisinin component and its derivatives ( 24 , 25 ). It is, however, necessary to explore other known bioactive compounds of the plant, including the non-artemisinin components, to fully maximize the anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential of the plant in the development of drugs against COVID-19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A. annua and its artemisinin component have been found in recent studies to inhibit the enzymatic activity of 3CL pro ( 24 , 25 ). In 2005, the first study indicating A. annua as an anti-SARS-CoV agent was reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Computational Approach to Elucidate the Interactions of Chemicals From Artemisia annua Targeted Toward SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibition for COVID-19 Treatment

et al. 2022

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The inhibitory potential of Artemisia annua, a well-known antimalarial herb, against several viruses, including the coronavirus, is increasingly gaining recognition. The plant extract has shown significant activity against both the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the novel SARS-CoV-2 that is currently ravaging the world. It is therefore necessary to evaluate individual chemicals of the plant for inhibitory potential against SARS-CoV-2 for the purpose of designing drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. In this study, we employed computational techniques comprising molecular docking, binding free energy calculations, pharmacophore modeling, induced-fit docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and ADMET predictions to identify potential inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) from 168 bioactive compounds of Artemisia annua. Rhamnocitrin, isokaempferide, kaempferol, quercimeritrin, apigenin, penduletin, isoquercitrin, astragalin, luteolin-7-glucoside, and isorhamnetin were ranked the highest, with docking scores ranging from −7.84 to −7.15 kcal/mol compared with the −6.59 kcal/mol demonstrated by the standard ligand. Rhamnocitrin, Isokaempferide, and kaempferol, like the standard ligand, interacted with important active site amino acid residues like HIS 41, CYS 145, ASN 142, and GLU 166, among others. Rhamnocitrin demonstrated good stability in the active site of the protein as there were no significant conformational changes during the simulation process. These compounds also possess acceptable druglike properties and a good safety profile. Hence, they could be considered for experimental studies and further development of drugs against COVID-19.

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Dissecting the low morbidity and mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: a critical review of the facts and fallacies

Hudu,

Jimoh,

Ibrahim

et al. 2024

ADV TRADIT MED (ADTM)

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Artemisia annua L. and Its Derivatives: Their Antiviral Effects on COVID-19 and Possible Mechanisms

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

RETRACTED: Artemisia Extracts and Artemisinin-Based Antimalarials for COVID-19 Management: Could These Be Effective Antivirals for COVID-19 Treatment?

RETRACTED: Artemisia Extracts and Artemisinin-Based Antimalarials for COVID-19 Management: Could These Be Effective Antivirals for COVID-19 Treatment?

A Computational Approach to Elucidate the Interactions of Chemicals From Artemisia annua Targeted Toward SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibition for COVID-19 Treatment

Dissecting the low morbidity and mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: a critical review of the facts and fallacies

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