Artyfechinostomum sufrartyfex Trematode Infections in Children, Bihar, India

Abstract

Eating raw or insufficiently cooked mollusks is a known risk factor for human echinostomiasis. We confirmed identification of Artyfechinostomum sufrartyfex trematodes as the causative agent of disease among 170 children in northern Bihar, India. We also identified the snail Pila globosa as a potential source of infections in the study area.

Digestive tract trematodiases (invasions caused by intestinal flukes)

“…Лечение проводится празиквантелем, есть сообщение об эффективности приема 75 мг/кг/сут, разделенной на 3 приема, в течение 2 дней. Профилактика включает отказ от употребления в пищу сырых или недостаточно термически обработанных моллюсков, лягушачьего мяса и рыбы [3,18,21,22]. Окончательным хозяином являются различные млекопитающие (крысы, мыши, собаки, кошки, волки, енотовидные собаки, барсуки, ондатры, норки, хорьки и др.…”

Genetic distance and phylogenetic relationships of some Echinostoma species (E. malayanum, E. revolutum, E. miyagawai) and Hypoderaeum conoideum (family Echinostomatidae) inferred from partial 28S rDNA sequence analysis

“…Tens of species from at least five genera in the family Echinostomatidae Looss, 1899 (Trematoda: Platyhelminthes) frequently cause human infections worldwide (Toledo, Esteban, 2016;Chai, 2019). Included among these zoonotic genera are Echinostoma Rudolphi, 1809;Hypoderaeum Dietz, 1909;Echinoparyphium Dietz, 1909;Isthmiophora Lühe, 1909; and the recently identified genus Artyfechinostomum (Prasad et al, 2019;Chai, 2019). Human infections by Echinostomatidae species are common in communities in Asian countries, such as India, Indonesia, the Philippines, China, Malaysia, Singapore, Korea, Japan, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam (Chai, 2009;Saijuntha et al, 2011;Sohn et al, 2017;Toledo, Esteban, 2016;Chai, Jung, 2020).…”

“…Echinostomes have been differentiated by morphological characteristics, particularly the presence of "collar-spines" around the oral sucker, among which the most important "revolutum" group (E. revolutum) has 37-collarspines, other Echinostoma species have varying numbers, such as 25-29 (E. hortense), 31 (E. anseries), 43 (Echinostoma/Artyfechinostomum malayanum), and 43-45 (E. aegyptiacum) while Hypoderaeum conoideum has 41-45 collarspines (Kostadinova, 2005;Georgieva et al, 2014;Saijuntha et al, 2011;Sohn et al, 2017;Chai, 2019;Le et al, 2020). Echinostoma malayanum (Leiper, 1911) was the first described as infecting people in Malaysia in 1911 (Mukherjee, Ghosh, 1968), causing considerable taxonomic controversy, originally being synonymised with A. surfrartyfex (Lane, 1915;Prasad et al, 2019), and now, in fact, being considered as Artyfechinostomum malayanum (Chai, 2019;Pham et al, 2022). Traditionally, spine numbers and morphological characteristics have been used for species differentiation of echinosomes (Georgieva et al, 2014;Faltýnková et al, 2015;Chai, 2019).…”