<i>Austroperla cyrene</i>Newman (Plecoptera: Austroperlidae)

McLellan, I. D.

doi:10.1080/03014223.1997.9517538

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…C). The fossil bears morphological characters resembling those of the Southern Hemisphere family Austroperlidae, such as the dark, strongly sclerotized body, strongly tapered cerci without hairs and not strongly beaded, wide rectangular pronotum and the body length of 13 mm, excluding the antennae (McLellan ). As this is the only Plecoptera fossil from Foulden Maar and because the modern New Zealand fauna has no truly lacustrine stoneflies, this adult may have flown to or washed into the maar lake from small seepages or nearby streams.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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A diverse fossil terrestrial arthropod fauna from New Zealand: evidence from the early Miocene Foulden Maar fossil lagerstätte

Kaulfuß

Lee

Barratt

et al. 2015

LET

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Fossil evidence for the evolutionary history of terrestrial arthropods in New Zealand is extremely limited; only six pre‐Quaternary insects (Triassic to Eocene) have been recorded previously, none of Miocene age. The Foulden Maar fossil lagerstätte in Otago has now yielded a diverse arthropod assemblage, including members of the Araneae, Plecoptera, Isoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Trichoptera and Diptera. The fauna significantly emends the fossil record for the Southern Hemisphere, provides an unparalleled insight into a 23‐million‐year‐old New Zealand lake/forest palaeoecosystem and allows a first evaluation of arthropod diversity at a time coeval with or shortly after the maximum marine transgression of Zealandia in the late Oligocene. The well‐preserved arthropods chiefly represent ground‐dwelling taxa of forest floor and leaf litter habitats, mostly from sub‐families and genera that are still present in the modern fauna. They provide precisely dated fossil evidence for the antiquity of some of New Zealand's terrestrial arthropods and the first potential time calibrations for phylogenetic studies. The high arthropod diversity at Foulden Maar, together with a subtropical rainforest flora and fossil evidence for complex arthropod–plant interactions, suggests that terrestrial arthropods persisted during the Oligocene marine transgression of Zealandia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The only extant genus within the New Zealand Austroperlidae is endemic and monotypic; Austroperla cyrene occurs throughout the country from near sea level to 1600 m a.s.l. (McLellan ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A diverse fossil terrestrial arthropod fauna from New Zealand: evidence from the early Miocene Foulden Maar fossil lagerstätte

Kaulfuß

Lee

Barratt

et al. 2015

LET

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“…2014). Aposematic colouration remains unreported in mayflies (Ephemeroptera), and in stoneflies (Plecoptera) has thus far only been suggested to occur in the southern hemisphere (suborder Antarctoperlaria) family Austroperlidae (McLellan 1997). Specifically, the adult stage of the endemic New Zealand austroperlid Austroperla cyrene (Newman) features distinctive black, white and yellow colouration (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for aposematism in a southern hemisphere stonefly family (Plecoptera: Austroperlidae)

2021

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Aposematism is a phenomenon in which defended prey advertise their unprofitability to predators through conspicuous signals. Aposematic (warning) colouration is widespread across numerous insect orders but rarely occurs in insects that inhabit aquatic environments where conditions can impose constraints on visual signal transmission. In the semi-aquatic insect order Plecoptera (stoneflies), only the terrestrial adult stage of Austroperla cyrene (Austroperlidae) from New Zealand has been suggested to possess aposematic colouration, associated with the presence of hydrogen cyanide and documented unpalatability to predators. Here, we review evidence for the occurrence of aposematic colouration in Australian and South American Austroperlidae based on a synthesis of taxonomic literature and studies examining feeding preferences of predators in aquatic environments. Contrasting black, white and yellow colouration occurs commonly in adult Austroperlidae, and nymphs of several surveyed species were found to be aversive to predators, together suggesting that aposematism may be widespread in this family. The wider prevalence of aposematism in Austroperlidae should be examined further by directly testing the palatability of various species to predators and by analysing the chemical compositions of their defensive secretions. Austroperlid stoneflies offer new potential for understanding the evolution of aposematism in ecological and phylogenetic contexts that have not yet been explored.

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“…As a case in point, New Zealand’s alpine region is home to an abundance of flightless insect taxa (Patrick 2003), and flightless stoneflies (Plecoptera) are particularly common [flightless adults recorded from 25 of 104 native stonefly species (McLellan 2006)]. In addition, levels of aptery vary within many New Zealand stonefly taxa, with some species exhibiting the full range of adult phenotypes: from fully winged (macropterous), short winged (micropterous), to wingless (apterous) adults (McLellan 1977, 1996, 1997, 1999). Although the majority of New Zealand’s flightless stonefly species have relatively restricted geographic ranges, with many taxa apparently confined to a single mountain range (McLellan 1967, 1993), one flightless species is found throughout lower South Island: Zelandoperla pennulata (McLellan 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do insects lose flight before they lose their wings? Population genetic structure in subalpine stoneflies

2009

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Wing reduction and flightlessness are common features of alpine and subalpine insects, and are typically interpreted as evolutionary adaptations to increase fecundity and promote local recruitment. Here, we assess the impact of wing reduction on dispersal in stoneflies (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae: Zelandoperla) in southern New Zealand. Specifically, we present comparative phylogeographic analyses (COI; H3) of strong-flying Zelandoperla decorata (144 individuals, 63 localities) vs. the co-distributed but weak-flying Zelandoperla fenestrata species group (186 individuals, 81 localities). The latter group exhibits a variety of morphotypes, ranging from fully winged to completely wingless. Consistent with its capacity for strong flight-mediated dispersal, Z. decorata exhibited no substantial phylogeographic differentiation across its broad South Island range. Conversely the weak-flying fenestrata species group exhibited substantial genetic structure across both fine and broad geographic scales. Intriguingly, the variable degrees of wing development observed within the fenestrata species group had no apparent impact on levels of phylogeographic structure, which were high regardless of morphotype, suggesting that even fully winged specimens of this group do not fly. This finding implies that Zelandoperla flight loss occurs independently of wing loss, and might reflect underlying flight muscle reduction.

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Austroperla cyreneNewman (Plecoptera: Austroperlidae)

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

A diverse fossil terrestrial arthropod fauna from New Zealand: evidence from the early Miocene Foulden Maar fossil lagerstätte

A diverse fossil terrestrial arthropod fauna from New Zealand: evidence from the early Miocene Foulden Maar fossil lagerstätte

Evidence for aposematism in a southern hemisphere stonefly family (Plecoptera: Austroperlidae)

Do insects lose flight before they lose their wings? Population genetic structure in subalpine stoneflies

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