Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium co‐fermented feed regulates lactating sow's performance, immune status and gut microbiota

Abstract

Fermented feed (FF) is widely applied to improve swine performance. However, the understandings of the effects of FF on the immune status and gut microbiota of lactating sows and whether probiotics are the effective composition of FF are still limited. The present study aimed to investigate the performance, immune status and gut microbiota of lactating sows fed with a basal diet supplemented with Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium co-fermented feed (FF), with the probiotic combination (PRO) of B. subtilis and E. faecium and control diet (CON) as controls. Compared with the CON group, FF group remarkably improved the average daily feed intake of sows and the weight gain of piglets, while significantly decreased the backfat loss, constipation rate of sows and diarrhoea incidence of piglets. The yield and quality of milk of sows in FF group were improved. Besides, faecal acetate and butyrate were promoted in FF group. Additionally, FF increased the level of IgG, IgM and IL-10 and decreased the concentration of TNF-a in serum. Furthermore, FF reduced the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and increased the level of Lactobacillus and Succiniclasticum, which were remarkably associated with growth performance and serum immune parameters. Accordingly, microbial metabolic functions including DNA repair and recombination proteins, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, mismatch repair and D-alanine metabolism were significantly upregulated, while amino acid metabolism was downregulated in FF group. Overall, the beneficial effects of FF were superior to PRO treatment. Altogether, administration of FF during lactation improved the performance and immune status, and modulated gut microbiota of sows. Probiotics are not the only one effective compound of FF.

Probiotics and Postbiotics as Substitutes of Antibiotics in Farm Animals: A Review

“…There was a reduction in the incidence of constipation in sows and diarrhea in piglets, which was related to the modulation of the intestinal microflora. The sows showed better immunity and performance compared to the control [ 84 ]. Another experiment used the positive effects of Bacillus coagulans , oregano oil, and benzoic acid on the health, physiological, and physical condition of the piglets.…”

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“…Proporcingai didėjant probiotiko suvartojimui didėjo kiaušinių svoris, vaisingumas, kiaušinių išsiritimas, kiaušinių lukšto stiprumas, progesterono ir liuteinizuojančio hormono kiekis kraujyje . Dar vienas Bacillus kultūros teigiamas poveikis yra tai, kad jo suvartojimas didina gyvūnų svorį, mažina vidurių užkietėjimą bei sudaro atsparumą prieš dar vieną patogeną -Enterobacteriaceae, ir didina Lactobacillus ir Succiniclasticum kolonijų kiekį, kuris yra nepaprastai susijęs su augimo rezultatais ir kraujo imuniniais parametrais (Wang, 2021). Tyrimo problemamodernizacijos svarba ir iššūkiai konteinerių terminaluose.…”

Effects of Live Combined Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium on Gut Microbiota Composition in C57BL/6 Mice and in Humans

“…Previous research has shown the beneficial effects of a combined live B. subtilis R-179 and E. faecium R-026 on host health (Guo et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2021). Live combined B. subtilis and E. faecium (LCBE) strains are approved for use as animal feed additives (Jensen and Bjørnvad, 2019).…”