<i>Bartonella</i>Species in Raccoons and Feral Cats, Georgia, USA

Hwang, Jusun; Gottdenker, Nicole

doi:10.3201/eid1907.130010

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Raccoons are not very susceptible to Bartonella infection but may harbor multiple Bartonella species. Hwang and Gottdenker (2013) reported detection of B. henselae and B. koehlerae in raccoons in Georgia, US. These observations may suggest that the raccoon is a general reservoir of Bartonella species and can serve as an alternative host in maintaining Bartonella infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Two more Bartonella species associated with domestic cats and recognized as human pathogens (Bartonella clarridgeiae and Bartonella koehlerae) have also been reported in wild animals (Kaewmongkol et al 2011;Hwang and Gottdenker 2013). An isolate from the Japanese marten (Martes melampus) is closely related to Bartonella washoensis (Sato et al 2012), a species commonly associated with sciurids and a source of human cardiac disease (Kosoy et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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BARTONELLA ROCHALIMAEANDB. VINSONIISUBSP.BERKHOFFIIIN WILD CARNIVORES FROM COLORADO, USA

Bai

Gilbert

Fox

et al. 2016

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BARTONELLA ROCHALIMAEANDB. VINSONIISUBSP.BERKHOFFIIIN WILD CARNIVORES FROM COLORADO, USA

Bai

Gilbert

Fox

et al. 2016

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…In total, we collected 37 and 58 raccoon blood samples from St. Simons Island and St. Catherines Island, respectively. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (A2011 03-042-Y2-A2) and Georgia Department of Natural Resources wildlife permits (29-WBH-12-100) were obtained before sampling (71).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Genotype Richness, and Coinfection Patterns of Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Raccoons (Procyon lotor) on Environmentally Protected and Urbanized Barrier Islands

Volokhov

Hwang

Chizhikov

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are successful urban adapters and hosts to a number of zoonotic and nonzoonotic pathogens, yet little is known about their hemoplasma infections and how prevalence varies across habitat types. This study identifies hemotropic Mycoplasma species infection in raccoons from urban and undisturbed habitats and compares hemoplasma infection in sympatric urban cats (Felis catus) from the same geographic region. We collected blood from raccoons (n ϭ 95) on an urban coastal island (n ϭ 37) and an undisturbed coastal island (n ϭ 58) and from sympatric urban cats (n ϭ 39) in Georgia, USA. Based on 16S rRNA gene amplification, 62.1% (59/95) of raccoons and 17.9% (7/39) of feral cats were positive for hemoplasma. There was a greater percentage of hemoplasma-infected raccoons on the undisturbed island (79.3% [46/58]) than on the urban island (35.1% [13/37]; 2 ϭ 16.9, df ϭ 1, P ϭ 0.00004). Sequencing of the full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed six hemoplasma genotypes in raccoons, including five novel genotypes that were distinct from three known hemoplasma species identified in the sympatric cats. In addition, the hemoplasma genotypes detected in raccoons were not identified in sympatric cats or vice versa. Although all six hemoplasma genotypes were found in raccoons from urban and undisturbed islands, coinfection patterns differed between sites and among individuals, with the proportion of coinfected raccoons being greater in the undisturbed site. This study shows that raccoons are hosts for several novel hemoplasmas and that habitat type influences infection patterns.IMPORTANCE This study provides information about novel hemoplasmas identified in raccoons (Procyon lotor), which can be used for assessments of the prevalence of these hemoplasmas in raccoon populations and for future studies on the potential pathogenic impacts of these hemoplasmas on raccoon health. Raccoons from the undisturbed habitat had a higher prevalence of hemoplasma infection than urban raccoons. There does not appear to be cross-species transmission of hemotropic mycoplasmas between urban raccoons and feral cats. Raccoons appear to be hosts for several novel hemoplasmas, and habitat type influences infection patterns.KEYWORDS raccoons, Procyon lotor, feral cats, Felis catus, hemoplasmas, wildlife, 16S rRNA gene, phylogenetic analysis, hemoplasma U rbanization is a strong ecological driver that causes significant changes in the composition of wildlife communities and in various intra-and interspecies interactions (1). Ecological responses to urbanization can lead to changes in the dynamics

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“…seroprevalence rates in cats can be greater than 90% and bacteraemia rates can be greater than 50% . In a study from the United States involving PCR of blood from feral cats and raccoons, the prevalence of Bartonella bacteraemia was nearly identical, 48% in cats and 43% in raccoons . Also, rat mite ( Ornithonyssus bacoti ) transmission of B. henselae to a woman and her pet dogs was implicated after removal of raccoons from under a house in New York, USA .…”

Section: One Health and The Medical Aspects Of Bartonella Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] In a study from the United States involving PCR of blood from feral cats and raccoons, the prevalence of Bartonella bacteraemia was nearly identical, 48% in cats and 43% in raccoons. 28 Also, rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti) transmission of B. henselae to a woman and her pet dogs was implicated after removal of raccoons from under a house in New York, USA. 29 Thus, cats (both pet and feral), raccoons, mongoose and potentially other animals can serve as a source of B. henselae infection for humans and other animals, such as pet dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bartonellosis, One Health and all creatures great and small

Breitschwerdt

2017

Veterinary Dermatology

119

118

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Background Bartonellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease of worldwide distribution, caused by an expanding number of recently discovered Bartonella spp. Objectives This review serves as an update on comparative medical aspects of this disease, including the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, treatment and challenges. Results Of comparative medical importance, Bartonella spp. are transmitted by several arthropod vectors, including fleas, keds, lice, sand flies, ticks and, potentially, mites and spiders. Prior to 1990, there was only one named Bartonella species (B. bacilliformis), whereas there are now over 36, of which 17 have been associated with an expanding spectrum of animal and human diseases. Recent advances in diagnostic techniques have facilitated documentation of chronic bloodstream and dermatological infections with Bartonella spp. in healthy and sick animals, in human blood donors, and in immunocompetent and immunocompromised human patients. The field of Bartonella research remains in its infancy and is rich in questions, for which patient relevant answers are badly needed. Directed Bartonella research could substantially reduce a spectrum of chronic and debilitating animal and human diseases, and thereby reduce suffering throughout the world. Conclusion A One Health approach to this emerging infectious disease is clearly needed to define disease manifestations, to establish the comparative infectious disease pathogenesis of this stealth pathogen, to validate effective treatment regimens and to prevent zoonotic disease transmission.

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BartonellaSpecies in Raccoons and Feral Cats, Georgia, USA

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

BARTONELLA ROCHALIMAEANDB. VINSONIISUBSP.BERKHOFFIIIN WILD CARNIVORES FROM COLORADO, USA

BARTONELLA ROCHALIMAEANDB. VINSONIISUBSP.BERKHOFFIIIN WILD CARNIVORES FROM COLORADO, USA

Prevalence, Genotype Richness, and Coinfection Patterns of Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Raccoons (Procyon lotor) on Environmentally Protected and Urbanized Barrier Islands

Bartonellosis, One Health and all creatures great and small

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