<i>Bombyx mori</i> U‐shaped regulates the melanization cascade and immune response via binding with the Lozenge protein

Zhang, Kui; Tan, Juan; Hao, Xiangwei; Tang, Houyi; Abbas, Muhammad Nadeem; Su, Jingjing; Su, Yongyue; Cui, Hongjuan

doi:10.1111/1744-7917.12959

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…The total RNA of hemocytes, wing discs, and HPOs were extracted using TRIzol reagent (Takara) following the manufacturer's instructions and reverse‐transcribed to cDNA using the SuperScript reverse transcriptase (Thermo Fisher Scientific) as described in our previous studies (Hu et al ., 2021; 2021b). Real‐time qPCR was performed using the BeyoFast ™ SYBR Green qPCR Mix (Beyotime), following the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrin β2 and β3: Two plasmatocyte markers deepen our understanding of the development of plasmatocytes in the silkworm Bombyx mori

Zhang

et al. 2022

Insect Science

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Insect hemocytes play important biological roles at developmental stages, metamorphosis, and innate immunity. As one of the most abundant cell types, plasmatocytes can participate in various innate immune responses, especially in encapsulation and node formation. Here, 2 molecular markers of plasmatocytes, consisting of integrin β2 and β3, were identified and used to understand the development of plasmatocytes. Plasmatocytes are widely distributed in the hematopoietic system, including circulating hemolymph and hematopoietic organs (HPOs). HPOs constantly release plasmatocytes with high proliferative activity in vitro; removal of HPOs leads to a dramatic reduction in the circulating plasmatocytes, and the remaining plasmatocytes gradually lose their ability to proliferate in vivo. Our results demonstrated that the release of plasmatocytes from HPOs is regulated by insulin-mediated signals and their downstream pathways, including PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk signals. The insulin/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway can significantly irritate the hematopoiesis, and its inhibitor LY294002 could inhibit the hemocytes discharged from HPOs. While the insulin/MAPK/Erk signaling pathway plays a negative regulatory role, inhibiting its activity with U0126 can markedly promote the discharge of plasmatocytes from HPOs. Our results indicate that the circulating plasmatocytes are mainly generated and discharged by HPOs. This process is co-regulated by the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk signals in an antagonistic manner to adjust the dynamic balance of the hemocytes. These findings can enhance our understanding of insect hematopoiesis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrin β2 and β3: Two plasmatocyte markers deepen our understanding of the development of plasmatocytes in the silkworm Bombyx mori

Zhang

et al. 2022

Insect Science

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“…It has been established that in order for the host to respond effectively to microbial pathogens, a number of cellular signals require to be finely modulated, including immune signaling (3,(96)(97)(98). As described above, miRNA expression is strongly altered in response to bacterial pathogens.…”

Section: Immune Signaling Is Affected By Mirna Fluctuation During Bac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs reshape the immunity of insects in response to bacterial infection

et al. 2023

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The interaction between bacteria and insects can significantly impact a wide range of different areas because bacteria and insects are widely distributed around the globe. The bacterial-insect interactions have the potential to directly affect human health since insects are vectors for disease transmission, and their interactions can also have economic consequences. In addition, they have been linked to high mortality rates in economically important insects, resulting in substantial economic losses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are types of non-coding RNAs involved in regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. The length of miRNAs ranges from 19 to 22 nucleotides. MiRNAs, in addition to their ability to exhibit dynamic expression patterns, have a diverse range of targets. This enables them to govern various physiological activities in insects, like innate immune responses. Increasing evidence suggests that miRNAs have a crucial biological role in bacterial infection by influencing immune responses and other mechanisms for resistance. This review focuses on some of the most recent and exciting discoveries made in recent years, including the correlation between the dysregulation of miRNA expression in the context of bacterial infection and the progression of the infection. Furthermore, it describes how they profoundly impact the immune responses of the host by targeting the Toll, IMD, and JNK signaling pathways. It also emphasizes the biological function of miRNAs in regulating immune responses in insects. Finally, it also discusses current knowledge gaps about the function of miRNAs in insect immunity, in addition to areas that require more research in the future.

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“…B. mori larvae were obtained from the State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology at Southwest University (Chongqing, China) and cultured in a laboratory incubator as described in previous studies [20,21].…”

Section: Exprimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Two Genes Encoding Novel Ca2+-Independent Phospholipase A2s from the Silkworm, Bombyx mori

Zhang

Zheng

et al. 2022

CIMB

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Eicosanoids are crucial downstream signals in the insect immune responses. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes phospholipids, the initial step in eicosanoid biosynthesis. In mammals, the biological roles of Ca2+-independent Phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) have been extensively studied; however, only a few studies have attempted to explore iPLA2 functions in insects. In this study, we identified two iPLA2 genes (designated as BmiPLA2A and BmiPLA2B) in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. BmiPLA2A had a 2427 base pair (bp) open reading frame (ORF) that coded for a protein with 808 amino acids. In contrast, BmiPLA2B had a 1731 bp ORF that coded for a protein with 576 amino acids. Domain analysis revealed that BmiPLA2A had six ankyrin repeat domains, but BmiPLA2B lacks these domains. BmiPLA2A and BmiPLA2B were transcribed widely in various tissues and developmental stages with different expression patterns. The administration of 20-hydroxyecdysone increased their expression levels in the epidermis and hemocytes. Furthermore, challenged with virus, fungus, Gram-negative bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria induced the expression of BmiPLA2A and BmiPLA2B with variable degrees along with different time points. Our findings imply that BmiPLA2A and BmiPLA2B may have important biological roles in the development and innate immunity of B. mori.

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Bombyx mori U‐shaped regulates the melanization cascade and immune response via binding with the Lozenge protein

Cited by 6 publications

References 54 publications

Integrin β2 and β3: Two plasmatocyte markers deepen our understanding of the development of plasmatocytes in the silkworm Bombyx mori

Integrin β2 and β3: Two plasmatocyte markers deepen our understanding of the development of plasmatocytes in the silkworm Bombyx mori

MicroRNAs reshape the immunity of insects in response to bacterial infection

Molecular Characterization of Two Genes Encoding Novel Ca2+-Independent Phospholipase A2s from the Silkworm, Bombyx mori

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