<i>Brassica campestris</i> var. Span: I. Fractionation of Rapeseed oil by molecular distillation and adsorption chromatography

Kramer, J. K. G.; Hulan, H. W.; Mahadevan, S.; Sauer, Frank

doi:10.1007/bf02532350

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The differences observed in lesion response (Tables IV and V) when the three erucic acid containing diets were fed to male rats might be explained by the following possibilities: (a) The pigs, from which the RPF was prepared, may have removed some cardiotoxic component from RSO, toxic to male rats (5), but not to pigs (7)(8)(9). However, in a previous attempt (21) to reduce Span RSO toxicity by subjecting the oil to exhaustive molecular distillation or adsorption chromatography, we were unable to demonstrate either the presence of a distillable toxic component or show that the highly purified triglycerides were less cardiotoxic than the original oil (13). (b) Triglycerides of rapeseed oil differ from triglycerides of pig adipose tissue in fatty acid composition (Table I) and positional distribution of fatty acids on the glycerol moiety (Hulan et al, unpublished data).…”

Section: As Indicated Inmentioning

confidence: 88%

Relationship between erucic acid and myocardial changes in male rats

Hulan¹,

Kramer²,

Mahadevan³

et al. 1976

Lipids

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The back and belly fat of pigs fed a diet containing 20% by wt rapeseed oil (22% erucic acid) for 16 weeks was rendered into oil. This rendered pig fat, which contained 5.6% erucic acid, was fed to male rats in three separate experiments at 20% by wt of the diet for 16 weeks. In experiment I rendered pig fat was compared only to Brassica campestris var. Span rapeseed oil containing 4.8% erucic acid. In experiments II and III, rendered pig fat was compared to commercial lard containing 0.2% docosenoic acid, commercial lard to which 5.4% free erucic acid was added, and Span rapeseed oil. There was no significant (P less than 0.01) differences observed in the level of erucic acid in the hearts of rats fed diets of rendered pig fat, Span rapeseed oil, or commercial lard plus erucic acid. However, the incidence (P less than 0.001) and severity (P less than 0.01) of cardiac lesions were significantly higher in Span rapeseed oil fed rats compared to rats fed control diets. The number of rats affected or the severity of lesions in the rendered pig fat fed group was not significantly different from controls. The results of this study indicate that the myocardial lesions associated with feeding 20% rapeseed oil diets are not related to the content of erucic acid per se. The possible reasons why rapeseed oil causes cardiac lesions in rats are discussed. It is suggested that a triglyceride imbalance in the oil might play an important role in causing these lesions in rats.

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Section: As Indicated Inmentioning

confidence: 88%

Relationship between erucic acid and myocardial changes in male rats

Hulan¹,

Kramer²,

Mahadevan³

et al. 1976

Lipids

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“…Although free phytosterols can be distilled with reasonable ef ciency, approximately half of corn oil phytosterols are long-chain fatty acid esters with volatility very similar to triglycerides, making removal impossible unless multiple distillations are performed in instruments with high resolving power. 16,17 In a second experiment, removal of phytosterols was attempted by a different technique. Corn oil was saponi ed, the fatty acids were precipitated with barium, the sterols were extracted four times with dichloroethane, and the fatty acids were then re-esteri ed to glycerol.…”

Section: The Fatty Acid Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 Molecular distillation results in incomplete removal of sterol esters as noted above and requires temperatures in excess of 225°C, which are likely to damage polyunsaturated fatty acids. 16,17 At rst glance, saponi cation of an oil followed by isolation of puri ed fatty acids and resynthesis of the triglyceride would seem to be very helpful because such methods are used to prepare oils with de ned fatty acid composition. But this process does not obviate the need to remove phytosterols by a dedicated separate step.…”

Section: The Fatty Acid Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Trace Components of Dietary Fat on Cholesterol Metabolism: Phytosterols, Oxysterols, and Squalene

Ostlund¹,

Racette

Stenson

2002

Nutrition Reviews

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The effect of dietary fats on serum cholesterol is widely assumed to be due solely to the fatty acids and cholesterol they contain. Phytosterols, sterol oxidation products, and sterol precursors such as squalene, however, are often present in dietary fats. Little is known of the physiology of these substances in natural foods and most published diet studies do not consider them at all. Supplementation of the diet with high-dose phytosterols is now recommended for prevention of heart disease, but both recent and old data strongly suggest that the lower levels of phytosterols naturally present in vegetable fats may also reduce cholesterol absorption and serum cholesterol substantially. Moreover, unmeasured phytosterols may confound otherwise well-controlled diet studies because there is an inverse correlation between phytosterol and saturated fatty acid content of vegetable fats. Sterol oxidation products, many of which are found in foods, are potent regulators of lipoprotein and cholesterol transport pathways in vitro. Squalene is a phytosterol precursor abundant in olive oil that is at least partly absorbed and then quantitatively converted to cholesterol. The effects of dietary triglyceride-derived fatty acids have not been experimentally separated from the effects of trace fat components in most clinical studies. A better understanding of the activity of sterol-related dietary components is needed to reduce variability in diet studies, accurately assess the effects of dietary fatty acids and to maximize the effectiveness of dietary treatment for hypercholesterolemia.

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“…The increased incidence of lesions in this strain of rat has been attributed to cardiotoxic contaminants (3,4), residual erucic (A13-cis-docosenoic) acid (22:1) (5), or a fatty acid imbalance (2,6-9) of LEAR oils. We considered the possibility of cardiotoxic contaminants in LEAR oils and, therefore, fractionated Span rapeseed oil (RSO) containing 4.8% 22:1 by molecular distillation and adsorption chromatography to prepare pure triglycerides and fractions enriched in nontriglyceride components (10). The results of feeding these fractions to rats suggested that the cardiopathogenic properties of Span RSO were associated with the triglycerides of the oil, and not with nontriglyceride contaminants present in the fully refined oil (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soybean oil was similarly fractionated by molecular distillation to evaluate possible effects of the molecular distillation procedure itself. To increase the purity of the triglycerides of the LEAR oil, the purest triglyceride fraction from molecular distillation was further purified by column chromatography, instead of using the two methods independently as performed previously (10). Finally, a protocol was set up to conduct the feeding trial in two independent laboratories (Agriculture; Canada, Ottawa and Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan) with an exchange of histological sections of myocardium before decoding and evaluation of the data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiopathogenicity of soybean oil and tower rapessed oil triglycerides when fed to male rats

Kramer¹,

Hulan²,

Corner³

et al. 1979

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The triglycerides of soybean oil were purified by molecular distillation and those of Tower rapeseed oil by molecular distillation and adsorption chromatography. The original oils and the purified triglycerides were incorporated in semisynthetic diets at 20% by weight and fed for 16 weeks to weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats to compare the nutritional and pathological effects of the oils and their triglyceride fractions on rats. The study was carried out at two independent laboratories. No significant differences were observed between the results of the two establishments. The incidence of myocardial lesions was significantly higher in rats fed Tower rapeseed oil than in those fed soybean oil. Purification of the triglycerides by molecular distillation and adsorption chromatography appeared to have no major effect on the incidence of myocardial lesions. This supports our previous findings that the cardiopathogenicity appeared to have no major effect on the incidence of myocardial lesions. This supports our previous findings that the cardiopathogenicity of the test oils to rats resides in the triglycerides of these oils.

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Brassica campestris var. Span: I. Fractionation of Rapeseed oil by molecular distillation and adsorption chromatography

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Relationship between erucic acid and myocardial changes in male rats

Relationship between erucic acid and myocardial changes in male rats

Effects of Trace Components of Dietary Fat on Cholesterol Metabolism: Phytosterols, Oxysterols, and Squalene

Cardiopathogenicity of soybean oil and tower rapessed oil triglycerides when fed to male rats

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