<i>Brucella</i>
            Taxonomy and Evolution

Ficht, Thomas A.

doi:10.2217/fmb.10.52

Cited by 86 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Brucellosis also known by other names such as Malta fever, intermittent fever, Bang's disease, undulant fever, Gibraltar fever, Mediterranean fever, contagious abortion, Maltese fever, Crimean fever, and rock fever is a bacterial zoonotic infection caused by a Gram-negative coccobacilli bacteria that infect almost all species of domestic animals and man. The disease is caused by several species of Brucellae including Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, Brucella suis, Brucella canis, Brucella microti, Brucella inopinata, Brucella Ceti, and Brucella pinnipedialis [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review

Bamaiyi

2016

Int J One Health

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Brucellosis is the most common worldwide zoonosis with 500,000 new cases every year in humans and infections in millions of animals. This infection is mainly acquired by humans through consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk products from infected animals. Exposure can also occur occupationally in those who work closely with animals through contact with aborted fetuses and reproductive secretions. Animals acquire the infection from other infected animals through direct contact and vertical transmission. This infection is prevalent in all continents of the world except Antarctica, but its impact is more felt in developing countries where it is endemic in animals and humans. In certain developed countries where the disease was eradicated, there seem to be a re-emergence of the disease as the disease appears to claim more territory. The risk factors of the disease may vary from country to country and region to region, but most risk factors are similar. Consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk products plays a very important role in the transmission of this infection from animals to humans, in addition to direct contact with infected animals and their secretions. The best way to control this ubiquitous infection is through the One Health approach which involves human health, animal health, and environmental health. This paper reviews the prevalence of brucellosis in some countries in various continents of the world and highlights the risk factors responsible for the persistence of this infection in animals and humans with a view to proffering solution to this age-old zoonosis that has defied eradication for many generations in many parts of the world.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review

Bamaiyi

2016

Int J One Health

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“…There are 10 species of Brucella that have been classified on the basis of primary host specificity, biochemical characteristics, and antigenic component [1]. Among the known species of Brucella, B. melitensis, B. abortus, and B. suis are the most pathogenic to humans [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in Saudi Arabia, B. suis does not exist due to the lack of its natural animal reservoir, the swine species, leaving B. melitensis and B. abortus as the two most common brucellae that cause human infection in this region [3][4][5]. The bacterium is a small, Gram-negative, nonmotile coccobacillus adapted to intracellular living within host mononuclear phagocytic cells [1,6]. The bacterium infects primarily ruminant animals and is transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals, including handling of infected carcasses, consumption of unpasteurized milk or milk products, or, in rare cases, through inhalation of aerosols from infected specimens [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host response to Brucella infection: review and future perspective

Elfaki

Alaidan

Alhokail

2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Brucellosis is a zoonotic and contagious infectious disease caused by infection with Brucella species. The infecting brucellae are capable of causing a devastating multi-organ disease in humans with serious health complications. The pathogenesis of Brucella infection is influenced largely by host factors, Brucella species/strain, and the ability of invading brucellae to survive and replicate within mononuclear phagocytic cells, preferentially macrophages (M). Consequently, the course of human infection may appear as an acute fatal or progress into chronic debilitating infection with periodical episodes that leads to bacteremia and death. The existence of brucellae inside M represents one of the strategies used by Brucella to evade the host immune response and is responsible for treatment failure in certain human populations treated with anti-Brucella drugs. Moreover, the persistence of brucellae inside M complicates the diagnosis and may affect the host cell signaling pathways with consequent alterations in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to pursue the development of novel drugs and/or vaccine targets against human brucellosis using high throughput technologies in genomics, proteomics, and immunology.

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“…are the etiological pathogens of brucellosis. Due to its unique characteristics of long survival time in environments and easy aerosol formation, Brucella constitutes a potential bioterrorism agent that could be targeted against military personnel and civilians (2). Therefore, early detection and genetic polymorphism analysis are important for pathogen verification and source tracing.…”

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confidence: 99%

Complete Genome Sequence of Brucella suis Field Strain BCB025 of Sequence Type ST22

et al. 2012

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cBrucella is a genus of relatively conservative pathogenic bacteria. Brucella suis is the most diversified Brucella species. Strains of B. suis belong to different sequence types. Here, we report the genome sequence of B. suis strain BCB025, one isolate of the sequence type 22 epidemic in China. Brucellosis represents one of the most important infectious zoonosis epidemics worldwide, leading to great economic and public health problems (6). Brucella spp. are the etiological pathogens of brucellosis. Due to its unique characteristics of long survival time in environments and easy aerosol formation, Brucella constitutes a potential bioterrorism agent that could be targeted against military personnel and civilians (2). Therefore, early detection and genetic polymorphism analysis are important for pathogen verification and source tracing. The genus Brucella is divided into different species according to host preferences and other related phenotypes. Of these species, B. melitensis is the most common one that causes human cases, followed by B. abortus and B. suis. Compared with B. melitensis, B. suis shows reduced virulence for humans. Human cases mainly come from contact with infected animals, particularly the preferred host of Brucella, pigs.Compared with many other bacterial pathogens, Brucella is conservative in the genetic content. No plasmids have been observed in either laboratory or field Brucella strains. Analysis of Brucella strains by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), a DNA sequence-based typing method for bacterial species and clonal lineage differentiation, showed that Brucella strains belonged to only a limited number of sequence types (5). Among these species, B. suis isolates are clustered into different branches, as it is the most diversified Brucella species (7). In China, B. suis is mainly epidemic in the south of the country, where pigs are the main domestic animals. Analysis by MLST showed that sequence type 22 (ST22) is the main sequence type distributed in China. Here, we announce the genome sequence of B. suis strain BCB025, one ST22 isolate from China.The genomic DNA of B. suis strain BCB025 was isolated from bacterial culture and was sequenced with the HiSeq 2000 sequencer (Illumina) with a paired-end protocol. After low-quality reads were filtered, the sequencing reads were assembled with the Clcbio genomics workbench, version 5.5, by the de novo assembly method. A total of 290 contigs were generated, 104 of which were Ͼ10 kb and 250 of which were Ͼ1 kb. The average length of the contigs was 22 kb, and the total length was 3,286,550 bp. The final approximate coverage for these contigs was about 125ϫ.Next, the genome sequence was annotated. Open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted by RAST (1). The rRNA was predicted by using RNAmmer (3), and tRNA was identified with tRNAscan-SE 1.21 (4). To analyze the genetic characteristics, the draft genome sequence was compared with that of virulent B. suis 1330. A total of 433 small deletions and 7,100 single nucleic polymorphisms (SNPs) were identifi...

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Brucella Taxonomy and Evolution

Cited by 86 publications

References 41 publications

Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review

Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review

Host response to Brucella infection: review and future perspective

Complete Genome Sequence of Brucella suis Field Strain BCB025 of Sequence Type ST22

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