Burkholderia cepaciaComplex: Impact on the Cystic Fibrosis Lung Lesion

Abstract

Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of phenotypically similar nonfermenting, aerobic, gram-negative rods that infect 2 to 8% of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Bcc comprises several distinct species (formerly termed genomovars). Infection with Bcc has been associated with worse outcomes and survival in CF patients. Additionally, colonization with Bcc has been associated with heightened mortality following lung transplantation. Currently, the role of lung transplantation in Bcc-infected patients remains controversial. Antimicrobial therapy for Bcc is often ineffective because most strains are multidrug resistant. Combination therapy with two or three agents is typically administered, but optimal therapy has not been elucidated. Certain strains (particularly B. cenocepacia) have been associated with heightened transmissibility and virulence. Several genes or gene products have important roles in virulence, persistence of the organism(s), and transmissibility. The incidence of Bcc and specific species fluctuates over time and between centers. Bcc can be transmitted by social contact, and several major epidemic strains have disseminated globally. Strict infection control measures, including cohorting (segregation) of infected patients, dramatically curtail transmission and have become the standard of care, but such measures cause social isolation, stigmatism, and psychological impact among infected patients.

Dioxygenases in Burkholderia ambifaria and Yersinia pestis that hydroxylate the outer Kdo unit of lipopolysaccharide

“…The reactions were incubated at 30°C. After 0, 4,8,12,20,30, and 45 min, 1.8 μL of samples were withdrawn and spotted onto a 20 × 20 cm silica TLC plate, which was developed in chloroform∶methanol∶ acetic acid∶H 2 O (25∶15∶3.5∶4 vol∕vol) and quantified following exposure to a PhosphorImager screen.…”

“…Members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex are opportunistic human pathogens that are of biomedical interest because they can cause severe necrotizing pneumonia and septicemia in cystic fibrosis patients and immuno-compromised individuals (8). Yersinia pestis causes "Bubonic Plague" in humans (9).…”

A rare case of community acquired Burkholderia cepacia infection presenting as pyopneumothorax in an immunocompetent individual

“…The B. cepacia complex is a group of phenotypically similar, genetically distinct, motile gram-negative aerobic bacilli with multi-trichous polar flagella found in both soil and water [1][2][3][4][5][6] . There are at least 15 species within this complex [5] .…”

“…Burkholderia cepacia (B. cepacia) is a widely known lung pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis [1][2][3] . It is now an important emerging cause of multi-drug resistant nosocomial infections causing both morbidity and mortality [2] .…”

Bacilos Gram negativos entéricos y no fermentadores de la glucosa en pacientes con enfermedad periimplante

“…En relación con los implantes, diversos estudios han identificado microorganismos sobreinfecciosos en lesiones periimplante, con frecuencias similares a las encontradas en dientes de pacientes con periodontitis (6,(11)(12)(13) El otro microorganismo que se identificó solamente en los casos de implantes afectados fue B. cepacia, que se considera un microorganismo ambiental pero ha sido reportado en infecciones hospitalarias por la multirresistencia a los antibióticos que posee. Este microorganismo es causante de una importante morbilidad y mortalidad en casos de fibrosis quística (20).…”