<i>Cacajao ouakary</i>in Brazil and Colombia: patterns, puzzles and predictions

Barnett, Adrian A.; Defler, Thomas R.; Oliveira, Marcela Costa Bifano de; Queiroz, Helder Lima de; Bezerra, Bruna M.

doi:10.1017/cbo9781139034210.022

Cited by 59 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Bruna Bezerra [unpublished data, vide Bezerra et al, ] observed uacaris drinking water in the same fashion and, on another occasion, an animal was forced to swim to safety after the branch supporting it broke. Marcela Oliveira [unpublished data, vide Barnett et al, in press‐b] did observe this species briefly on the ground. Barnett [] reported that uacaris raid turtle nests at low water on the Rio Negro.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Terrestrial Activity in Pitheciins (Cacajao,Chiropotes, andPithecia)

Barnett

Boyle

Norconk

et al. 2012

American J Primatol

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Neotropical monkeys of the genera Cacajao, Chiropotes, and Pithecia (Pitheciidae) are considered to be highly arboreal, spending most of their time feeding and traveling in the upper canopy. Until now, the use of terrestrial substrates has not been analyzed in detail in this group. Here, we review the frequency of terrestrial use among pitheciin taxa to determine the ecological and social conditions that might lead to such behavior. We collated published and unpublished data from 14 taxa in the three genera. Data were gleaned from 53 published studies (including five on multiple pitheciin genera) and personal communications of unpublished data distributed across 31 localities. Terrestrial activity was reported in 61% of Pithecia field studies (11 of 18), in 34% of Chiropotes studies (10 of 29), and 36% of Cacajao studies (4 of 11). Within Pithecia, terrestrial behavior was more frequently reported in smaller species (e.g. P. pithecia) that are vertical clingers and leapers and make extensive use of the understory than in in the larger bodied canopy dwellers of the western Amazon (e.g. P. irrorata). Terrestrial behavior in Pithecia also occurred more frequently and lasted longer than in Cacajao or Chiropotes. An apparent association was found between flooded habitats and terrestrial activity and there is evidence of the development of a "local pattern" of terrestrial use in some populations. Seasonal fruit availability also may stimulate terrestrial behavior. Individuals also descended to the ground when visiting mineral licks, escaping predators, and responding to accidents such as a dropped infant. Overall, the results of this review emphasize that terrestrial use is rare among the pitheciins in general and is usually associated with the exploitation of specific resources or habitat types.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Terrestrial Activity in Pitheciins (Cacajao,Chiropotes, andPithecia)

Barnett

Boyle

Norconk

et al. 2012

American J Primatol

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“…wiedii ) were more common in várzea. Várzea forests have been identified as an important habitat for preservation of a diverse range of animal groups, including fish [ 102 ], amphibians [ 65 ], primates [ 103 , 104 ] and bats [ 24 ]. However, várzeas are being constantly and consistently threatened by such human activities as hunting, and creation of areas for grazing cattle and raising crops [ 11 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterns of medium and large size mammal assemblages in várzea and terra firme forests, Central Amazonia, Brazil

et al. 2018

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Várzea forests account for 17% of the Amazon basin and endure an annual inundation that can reach 14 m deep during 6–8 months. This flood pulse in combination with topography directly influences the várzea vegetation cover. Assemblages of several taxa differ significantly between unflooded terra firme and flooded várzea forests, but little is known about the distribution of medium and large sized terrestrial mammals in várzea habitats. Therefore, our goal was to understand how those habitats influence mammalian species distribution during the dry season. Specifically, we: (1) compared the species composition between a terra firme (Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve) and a várzea forest (Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve); and (2) tested the influence of the várzea habitat classes on the number of records, occurrence and species composition of mammalian assemblages. The sampling design in each reserve consisted of 50 baited camera trap stations, with an overall sampling effort of 5015 camera trap days. We used Non-Metric Multidimension Scaling (NMDS) to compare species composition between terra firme and várzea forests, and used Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to assess how habitat types and a habitat diversity index affect mammal distributions. We recorded 21 medium and large sized mammalian species, including 20 species in terra firme and only six in várzea (3443 records). Flood pulse and isolation in várzea forest drove the dissimilarity between these two forest types. In várzea forest, medium size mammals, in general, avoided habitats associated with long flooding periods, while jaguars (Panthera onca) appeared to prefer aquatic/terrestrial transition zones. Habitats that remain dry for longer periods showed more mammalian occurrence, suggesting that dispersion via soil is important even for semi-arboreal species. This is the first study to evaluate differential use of várzea habitats by terrestrial mammalian assemblages.

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“…in Colombia greater ani, Crotophagus major , follow C . m. ouakary for extended periods: Defler, ), uacari–bird associations appear generally ephemeral and probably opportunistic (Barnett, 2010 a ; Barnett et al ., ). No empirically tested explanation exists, although possible causes are the uacaris' rapid rate of movement, the infrequency with which uacaris engage in paused and focused searching for insects, and/or because the birds involved are territorial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The golden‐backed uacari (Fig. a) is a medium‐sized (3–4 kg) Neotropical primate that seasonally migrates between two forest types (never‐flooded terra firme, seasonally flooded igapó ), tracking availability of its primary food source, unripe seeds of hard‐husked fruits (Barnett et al ., ). They have very large territories (Bezerra et al ., ), and move between feeding trees swiftly in diffuse groups of widely dispersed individuals (mean inter‐individual distance 7.25 m, n = 908, sd ± 3.5, range 1–22; 76% of band‐spreads ≥101 m, n = 112).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

More food or fewer predators? The benefits to birds of associating with aNeotropical primate varies with their foraging strategy

Barnett

Shaw

2014

Journal of Zoology

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Although mixed-species associations of birds or primates have been well studied, primate-bird associations have received comparatively little attention. Additionally, benefits accruing with such associations have rarely been quantified. Over 13 months, 17 insectivorous bird species were observed associating with golden-backed uacaris. Detailed study of four found that feeding sally frequency significantly increased for sit-and-wait foragers (bronzy jacamar, Galbula leucogastra; black-fronted nunbird, Monasa nigrifrons), when uacaris were present within 14.9 m, but not when within 15-30 m. Contemporaneously, no significant differences were observed in peck bout frequency for two uacarifollowing bark-and leaf-gleaning antbirds (black-crested antshrike, Sakesphorus canadensis, black-winged antbird, Hypocnemoides melanopogon) when uacaris were present or absent. Antbird/uacari approximation is attributed to significant reductions in the presence of small bird-eating raptors when uacaris are present.

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Cacajao ouakaryin Brazil and Colombia: patterns, puzzles and predictions

Cited by 59 publications

References 68 publications

Terrestrial Activity in Pitheciins (Cacajao,Chiropotes, andPithecia)

Terrestrial Activity in Pitheciins (Cacajao,Chiropotes, andPithecia)

Spatial patterns of medium and large size mammal assemblages in várzea and terra firme forests, Central Amazonia, Brazil

More food or fewer predators? The benefits to birds of associating with aNeotropical primate varies with their foraging strategy

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