<i>Calanus hyperboreus</i> and the lipid pump

Visser, André W.; Grønning, Josephine; Jónasdóttir, Sigrún

doi:10.1002/lno.10492

Cited by 40 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Incorporating the marine lipidscape into global ecosystem models would be important for improving carbon transfer estimates (Jónasdóttir et al., ). Recent carbon flux estimates for diapausing copepod species range from 2 to 9 gC m −2 yr −1 for Neocalanus tonsus (Bradford‐Grieve, Nodder, Jillett, Currie, & Lassey, ), or 3–5 gC m −2 yr −1 for Calanus hyperboreus (Visser, Grønning, & Jónasdóttir, ). Model‐based estimates of the extent of the marine lipidscape can help to scale these numbers up to global estimates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copepod diapause and the biogeography of the marine lipidscape

Record

Maps

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim One of the primary characteristics that determines the structure and function of marine food webs is the utilization and prominence of energy‐rich lipids. The biogeographical pattern of lipids throughout the ocean delineates the marine “lipidscape,” which supports lipid‐rich fish, mammal, and seabird communities. While the importance of lipids is well appreciated, there are no synoptic measurements or biogeographical estimates of the marine lipidscape. Productive lipid‐rich food webs in the pelagic ocean depend on the critical diapause stage of large pelagic copepods, which integrate lipid production from phytoplankton, concentrating it in space and time, and making it available to upper trophic levels as particularly energy‐rich wax esters. As an important first step towards mapping the marine lipidscape, we compared four different modelling approaches of copepodid diapause, each representing different underlying hypotheses, and evaluated them against global datasets. Location Global Ocean. Taxon Copepoda. Methods Through a series of global model runs and data comparisons, we demonstrated the potential for regional studies to be extended to estimate global biogeographical patterns of diapause. We compared four modelling approaches each designed from a different perspective: life history, physiology, trait‐based community ecology, and empirical relationships. We compared the resulting biogeographical patterns and evaluated the model results against global measurements of copepodid diapause. Results Models were able to resolve more than just the latitudinal pattern of diapause (i.e. increased diapause prevalence near the poles), but to also pick up a diversity of regions where diapause occurs, such as coastal upwelling zones and seasonal seas. The life history model provided the best match to global observations. The predicted global biogeographical patterns, combined with carbon flux estimates, suggested a lower bound of 0.031–0.25 Pg C yr−1 of downward flux associated with copepodid diapause. Main conclusions Results indicated a promising path forward for representing a detailed biogeography of the marine lipidscape and its associated carbon flux in global ecosystem and climate models. While complex models may offer advantages in terms of reproducing details of community structure, simpler theoretically based models appeared to best reproduce broad‐scale biogeographical patterns and showed the best correlation with observed biogeographical patterns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copepod diapause and the biogeography of the marine lipidscape

Record

Maps

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Respiration of copepods in diapause was calculated based on metabolic theory and the isomorphism model presented in Visser et al ():

r ((), M, T) = b \times M^{3 / 4} \exp ([], E \times ((), T - T_{0}) / ((), k \times T \times T_{0}))

where M ( μ g C) is mass, r ( μ g C s −1 ) is respiration rate, T (K) is temperature in Kelvin, b ( μ g C 1/4 s −1 ) is a universal scaling constant, E (eV) is the activation energy, and k (eV K −1 ) the Boltzmann constant. T 0 is base temperature, taken to be T 0 = −273°C (absolute zero).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T 0 is base temperature, taken to be T 0 = −273°C (absolute zero). We used universal scaling constant b of 2.5 × 10 −7 μ g C 1/4 s −1 as suggested by Visser et al ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipid content in overwintering Calanus finmarchicus across the Subpolar Eastern North Atlantic Ocean

Jónasdóttir

Wilson

Gíslason

et al. 2019

Limnology & Oceanography

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The boreal copepod Calanus finmarchicus accumulates lipid reserves during summer feeding in surface ocean waters, which enable it to stay at depth and survive famine during overwintering. Respiration of lipids during prolonged overwintering at ocean depths (> 1000 m in some areas) has been shown to result in a net sequestration of carbon into the deep ocean: the so‐called “lipid pump.” Here, we provide a comprehensive synthesis of the geographic and vertical variations in lipid content of overwintering animals across the Subpolar Eastern North Atlantic and, on the basis of this, we revise the estimates of carbon sequestration. Wax ester content ranged from 40 to 190 μg individual−1 at > 250 m depths, with highest concentrations in the coldest (< 0°C) waters at 400–600 m depth at the slope east of Faroe Islands and east of Greenland and lowest in the warmer (> 4°C) Irminger Sea and Rockall Basin. Our new analysis results in about 44% higher estimates of carbon sequestration at up to 11.5 g C m−2.

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“…Migrating organisms include phyto-and zooplankton [7,8], fish [9,10], cephalopods, seabirds, mammals, and even reptiles [11]. Most migrations have been related to the daily light cycle but also to the lunar [12] and seasonal periods [13]. One of the major drivers of these migrations is food [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic Diversity of Plankton in the Epipelagic and Mesopelagic Layers of the Tropical and Equatorial Atlantic Determined with Stable Isotopes

Bode

Hernández‐León

2018

Diversity

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Plankton living in the deep ocean either migrate to the surface to feed or feed in situ on other organisms and detritus. Planktonic communities in the upper 800 m of the tropical and equatorial Atlantic were studied using the natural abundance of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to identify their food sources and trophic diversity. Seston and zooplankton (>200 µm) samples were collected with Niskin bottles and MOCNESS nets, respectively, in the epipelagic (0-200 m), upper mesopelagic (200-500 m), and lower mesopelagic layers (500-800 m) at 11 stations. Food sources for plankton in the productive zone influenced by the NW African upwelling and the Canary Current were different from those in the oligotrophic tropical and equatorial zones. In the latter, zooplankton collected during the night in the mesopelagic layers was enriched in heavy nitrogen isotopes relative to day samples, supporting the active migration of organisms from deep layers. Isotopic niches showed also zonal differences in size (largest in the north), mean trophic diversity (largest in the tropical zone), food sources, and the number of trophic levels (largest in the equatorial zone). The observed changes in niche size and overlap (up to 71% between the mesopelagic layers but <50% between the epipelagic and upper mesopelagic layers) support the prevalence of in situ feeding at deep layers in tropical and equatorial zooplankton.

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Calanus hyperboreus and the lipid pump

Cited by 40 publications

References 56 publications

Copepod diapause and the biogeography of the marine lipidscape

Copepod diapause and the biogeography of the marine lipidscape

Lipid content in overwintering Calanus finmarchicus across the Subpolar Eastern North Atlantic Ocean

Trophic Diversity of Plankton in the Epipelagic and Mesopelagic Layers of the Tropical and Equatorial Atlantic Determined with Stable Isotopes

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