<i>Caloptilia fraxinella</i> (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), a new pest of ash (Oleaceae: <i>Fraxinus</i> spp.) on the Canadian prairies

Entomologia Exp Applicata

Gries

2008

A biodegradable attracticide formulation containing the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin and the sex pheromone of the ash leaf cone roller, Caloptilia fraxinella (Ely) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), was tested for attractiveness and toxicity to males of this invasive pest of horticultural ash, Fraxinus spp. Marsh. (Oleaceae). Trap capture in attracticide-baited traps was equal to capture in traps baited with rubber septa lures releasing the known attractive pheromone. Pheromone response by male C. fraxinella was not affected by the presence of permethrin as equal numbers of males were captured in traps baited with the attracticide formulation with and without permethrin. Attraction to the attracticide containing both pheromone and insecticide active ingredients did not vary with dose as 10, 50, and 100 mg droplets of the formulation attracted similar numbers of male moths in a field experiment. Equal numbers of male moths were captured in traps baited with droplets that had aged for 0 -5 weeks in a laboratory fume hood before deployment in the field. The permethrin constituent of the attracticide formulation was toxic to male moths treated through tarsal contact and resulted in 73 and 100% mortality at 24 and 72 h post-treatment, respectively. Leg autotomy occurred in over 80% of males 24 h post-treatment to formulations containing permethrin. Mortality of moths was greater 24 h after treatment with a fresh attracticide source as compared to a 5-week-old source. However, mortality as a result of treatment with fresh and aged attracticide droplets was equal at 48, 72, and 96 h post-treatment. This formulation has the potential to become a useful tool in an integrated pest-management system for C. fraxinella on horticultural ash.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Caloptilia fraxinella overwinter as adults and emerge from overwintering sites in early spring to mate and lay eggs on newly flushed ash leaflets (Pohl et al, 2004). Early instars are leaf miners and older larvae disperse to leaflets and roll leaf cones in which to pupate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attractiveness and toxicity of an attracticide formulation on adult males of ash leaf cone roller, Caloptilia fraxinella

Entomologia Exp Applicata

Gries

2008

“…Caloptilia fraxinella (Ely) adults eclose in July when the majority of the population is in a reproductively immature state (Evenden et al, 2007), which is maintained until the following spring when adults emerge from overwintering sites to mate and lay eggs on newly flushed ash leaflets (Pohl et al, 2004). JH is important for the initiation of reproduction in female C. fraxinella in the spring (Evenden et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral and behavioral plasticity of pheromone response and its hormonal control in a long-lived moth

Lemmen

Journal of Experimental Biology

2009

SUMMARYReproductive success in many animals depends on the efficient production of and response to sexual signals. In insects, plasticity in sexual communication is predicted in species that experience periods of reproductive inactivity when environmental conditions are unsuitable for reproduction. Here, we study a long-lived moth Caloptilia fraxinella (Ely) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) that is reproductively inactive from eclosion in summer until the following spring. Male sex pheromone responsiveness is plastic and corresponds with female receptivity. Pheromone response plasticity has not been studied in a moth with an extended period of reproductive inactivity. In this study, we ask whether male antennal response and flight behavior are plastic during different stages of reproductive inactivity and whether these responses are regulated by juvenile hormone. Antennal response to the pheromone blend is significantly reduced in reproductively inactive males tested in the summer and autumn as compared with reproductively active males tested in the spring. Reproductively inactive autumn but not summer males show lower antennal responses to individual pheromone components compared with spring males. Treatment with methoprene enhances antennal response of autumn but not summer males to high doses of the pheromone blend. Behavioral response is induced by methoprene treatment in males treated in the autumn but not in the summer. Plasticity of pheromone response in C. fraxinella is regulated, at least in part, by the peripheral nervous system. Antennal and behavioral response to pheromone differed in reproductively active and inactive males and increased with methoprene treatment of inactive males.

“…All braconid parasitoid specimens reared from C. fraxinella in this study were the same species previously found to parasitise C. fraxinella in Edmonton (Pohl et al 2004). This species was identified here as A. polychrosidis Veirek (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and was the most common parasitoid of C. fraxinella in this study (Table 1).…”

Section: Parasitoid Complexmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The unidentified Apanteles microgastrine parasitoid was the dominant parasitoid reared from C. fraxinella in the initial seasons after its appearance in Edmonton (Pohl et al 2004) and in Saskatoon (personal observation). Other Apanteles parasitise early instars (first-third) of internally feeding Lepidoptera larvae such as Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (Cardona and Oatman 1975) and Phthorimae operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (Salazar and Rivera 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Parasitoid complex and bionomics ofApanteles polychrosidis(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on the ash leaf-cone roller (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Wist

2013

Can Entomol

The ash leaf-cone roller, Caloptilia fraxinella (Ely) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is an introduced leaf-mining moth of horticultural ash trees (Fraxinus Linnaeus; Oleaceae) in Western Canadian Prairie cities. Here, we identify the dominant parasitoid of this leaf-mining moth as Apanteles polychrosidis Vierek (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and document its emergence pattern, courtship, mating, and host acceptance behaviours. Apanteles polychrosidis adult emergence is protandrous and mating occurs soon after female emergence. Male A. polychrosidis can mate multiple times in short sequence with a mean copulation time of 49 seconds. It is likely that A. polychrosidis overwinters in an alternate larval host, after emergence from C. fraxinella. Mated female A. polychrosidis readily parasitise an alternate host, the obliquebanded leafroller (Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), known to overwinter as larvae. Through rearing C. fraxinella pupae, we describe the remainder of the parasitoid complex of C. fraxinella, in order of parasitism rate, as Diadegma Förster (near Diadegma fenestrale (Holmgren)) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), three Sympiesis Förster species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) (Sympiesis sericeicornis (Nees von Esenbeck), one near Sympiesis viridula (Thomson) and one unknown species), and Pteromalus phycidis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and show that several Sympiesis species can be hyperparasitic on A. polychrosidis. Caloptilia fraxinella density within the tree canopy is highest in the lower canopy. Host density and abiotic factors such as temperature and light intensity do not influence the within-canopy distribution of most parasitoids except Sympiesis species, which preferred the northern canopy. Résumé-L'enrouleuseen cône des feuilles de frêne, Caloptilia fraxinella (Ely) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), est un lépidoptère introduit, mineur des feuilles des frênes horticoles (Fraxinus Linnaeus: Oleaceae), dans les villes des Prairies de l'Ouest Canadien. Nous identifions Apanteles polychrosidis Vierek (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) comme le parasitoïde principal de ce papillon mineur de feuilles et décrivons son patron d'émergence et ses comportements de cour, d'accouplement et d'acceptation d'hôte. L'émergence des adultes d'Apanteles polychrosidis est protandrique et l'accouplement a lieu peu après l'émergence des femelles. Le mâle d'A.polychrosidis peut s'accoupler plusieurs fois en courte succession avec une durée moyenne des accouplements de 49 secondes. Il est probable qu'A. polychrosidis passe l'hiver dans une larve hôte d'espèce différente après son émergence de C. fraxinella. Les femelles accouplées d'A. polychrosidis parasitent volontiers un hôte de rechange après leur émergence de C. fraxinella, soit la tordeuse à bandes obliques (Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) qui passe l'hiver au stade larvaire. Des élevages de nymphes de C. fraxinella nous ont permis de décrire le reste du complexe parasitaire de C. fraxinella, soit par ordre de taux de paras...